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Wildlife Management > WM final > Flashcards

WM final Flashcards

don't fail these finals!!

1
Q

Wildlife Management

A

application of ecological knowledge to animal populations and their plant and animal associates in a manner that strikes a balance between the needs of these populations and those of people

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2
Q

What was considered a dark year?

A

Market Hunting

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3
Q

There was a person that killed 100,000 of a species of bird, what bird was it?

A

Robin

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4
Q

What 2 seasons did market hunting happen the most?

A

Nesting and Breeding

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5
Q

What year was the Migratory Bird Treaty Act passed?

A

1918

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6
Q

What was the first federal bird sanctuary?

A

Pelican Island (1903)

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7
Q

Most numerous bird that is now extinct?

A

Passenger Pigeon

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8
Q

What 2 bird species were declared extinct in 1914

A

Passenger Pigeon and Carolina Parakeet

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9
Q

What was the wild turkey population in the 16th century?

A

10 million

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10
Q

Market Hunting was detrimental to what species?

A

White Tailed deer

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11
Q

What is the current estimated deer population?

A

15 million

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12
Q

During the years of 1871-1872 how many bison were shot?

A

8.5 million

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13
Q

How many bison remained in 1889?

A

150

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14
Q

What year was the last free-roaming bison shot?

A

1894

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15
Q

Ecology

A

Study of interrelationships of organisms with one another and their environment.

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16
Q

What is the number of trophic levels limited by?

A

resources

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17
Q

Range of Tolerance

A

Range of environmental conditions that limit the abundance and distribution of organisms

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18
Q

What biome has the highest diversity of wildlife?

A

Tropical Rainforest

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19
Q

highest Animal diversity of any biome?

A

Temperate deciduous Forest

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20
Q

What is the early and late state of succession called?

A

Early - Pioneer
late- climax

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21
Q

what is the indication of the number of species?

A

Richness

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22
Q

Population Ecology

A

Interaction and interbreeding of individuals

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of Population?

A

Diversity, Fertility, Fecundity, Birth rate, Mortality rate, Recruitment

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24
Q

What are the management aspects for range of tolerance?

A
  1. environmental conditions need to be considered with reintroducing/stocking
  2. Changes in an environment in a given area could result in loss of species
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25
Q

Does soil Quality have a direct relationship to food management in wildlife?

A

Yes

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26
Q

Which 3 species do extensive damage?

A

Deer, Snow geese, Hogs

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27
Q

Is organic farming ideal for all crops?

A

No

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28
Q

Natural foods can be increased but public won’t be happy about ________?

A

Habitat modification

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29
Q

Fish migrating down rivers to the sea to spawn

A

Catadromous (eels)

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30
Q

Fish migrating up rivers from sea to spawn

A

Anadromous (salmon)

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31
Q

How much more energy does fat contain then carbohydrates?

A

double

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32
Q

Ethology

A

Study of Animal Behavior

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33
Q

What was the first year of Everglades National Park?

A

1947

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34
Q

Are honeysuckles invasive?

A

Yes

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35
Q

When did the Eyon Valdez oil spill happen?

A

1989

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36
Q

Power plants produce what type of pollution?

A

thermal

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37
Q

what is the % of micronutrients in wildlife?

A

.01%

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38
Q

Artic tern migrates how many miles?

A

20,000

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39
Q

What chemical was banned in 1972?

A

DDT

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40
Q

02 is used up during decomposition from what type of pollution?

A

Organic Pollution Eutrophication

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41
Q

What year did conservation tillage surpass conventional tillage?

A

1994

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42
Q

5 Aspects of fire on grassland?

A
  1. Gets rid of woody species
  2. Increases quality of grassland
  3. increases soil nutrients and quality
  4. warms ground causing new growth
  5. mostly doesn’t harm wildife
43
Q

Rangeland reform occurred in what year?

A

1994

44
Q

Wildlife feed by humans can become ________

A

a nuisance

45
Q

Proteins contain amino acids that are essentials for the reproduction of what?

A

cells

46
Q

What are the 2 types of preditors?

A
  1. Generalist (make good use of what’s available)
  2. Specialist (specialize in one species
47
Q

What is the most invasive speices in this area?

A

Honeysuckle

48
Q

What is poisonous in high levels in fish?

A

mercury

49
Q

What could encourage over popullation and is expensive?

A

feeding

50
Q

List and describe components of animal behavior

A
  1. Habitat selection
  2. Courtship behavior
  3. Territorial behavior
  4. Dispersal
  5. Imprinting
  6. Migration
51
Q

What is the importance of Farms to wildlife?

A
  1. provides edge
  2. food and cover
  3. early succession habitat
    4.water source
  4. nesting
  5. imprinting
52
Q

What 2 things are barriers to terrestrial species?

A

Rivers and Oceans

53
Q

What is a Coywolf?

A

Cayote and Wolf mix

54
Q

What source of pollution is hard to monitor as well as hard to regulate?

A

non-point source

55
Q

Do herbicides have an indirect effect on wildlife by killing vegetation?

A

Yes

56
Q

What classification may vary by state or region?

A

Non-game species

57
Q

Section 7 of the endangered species act requires an environmental impact statement

A

True

58
Q

Currently there is how many animals listed on the endangered list?

A

over 1300

59
Q

“tree farms” primary purpose is to harvest trees for wood products

A

True

60
Q

Primary age of an Anti-hunter is between _____ years of age

A

30-39

61
Q

early hunting took place with _____ and large hunting parties

A

spears

62
Q

Planting exotic trees can replace native trees?

A

true

63
Q

Monoculture strands of trees cannot have an increase of insect infestation

A

False

64
Q

Which of the following considered an exotic species of bird?

A

Starling

65
Q

Zebra Mussels were introduced in 1985 into what body of water?

A

The Great Lakes

66
Q

Nutria was brought to the US in _____ for fur farming

A

1930’s

67
Q

An area designated primarily for human recreation

A

Park

68
Q

On August 25, 1916 the National Park Service was formed

A

True

69
Q

Who brought the Ring-neck pheasant to US for hunting?

A

European Immigrants

70
Q

How many millions of acres were in National Forest in 1907?

A

100,000

71
Q

K-selected species are not as vulnerable to extinction

A

False

72
Q

The endangered species preservation act was approved in

A

1973

73
Q

The first national park was established in

A

1872

74
Q

The role of hunters is being challenged today

A

true

75
Q

Hunting in parks is not accepted by most of the public

A

true

76
Q

this endangered species can encounter problems if ground water is polluted

A

Ozark crave fish and cave crayfish

77
Q

Africanized bees were introduced in ______ in southern Brazil

A

1956

78
Q

Endangered species that have benefited from captive breeding are which of the following?

A

Peregrine Falcon, Panda, black-footed ferret

79
Q

What is the most common animal attack report in National Parks?

A

Bear

80
Q

Clear cuts are very beneficial for wildlife for the first few years

A

true

81
Q

What is the average age of a trapper?

A

35

82
Q

There are over _____ of wildlife refugees

A

450

83
Q

Sandhill cranes were used as foster parents for whooping cranes

A

true

84
Q

Animals on islands often evolved without preditors

A

True

85
Q

Animals that are faced with extinction in all or much of their distribution are considered to be ______ by federal listing

A

Endangered

86
Q

Animals that are proposed as endangered but not yet classified are considered to be _____ by federal listing

A

Candidate

87
Q

Animals that seem likely to become endangered are considered _______ by federal listing

A

Threatened

88
Q

National Invasive Species act was enacted in what year?

A

1996

89
Q

The primary purpose of the National Wildlife Refuge is to maintain wildlife and habitat in a natural state

A

True

90
Q

Trapping has more controversy than hunting

A

True

91
Q

The argument of pro-hunters is that man is a natural predator

A

True

92
Q

is it illegal to ship certain plants and animals by mail?

A

True

93
Q

Which are factors that can lead to endangerment of an animal?

A

Poaching, biological events, environmental events

94
Q

A sub-account of the Pittman-Robertson Act funds non-game species

A

True

95
Q

Which of the following is considered an exotic plant in Missouri

A

Japanese Honeysuckle, Tall Fescue, Autumn Olive

96
Q

Tudra Facts

A

Climate (short summers, long/cold winters, low precipitation)
Wildlife (grazing mammals, migratory birds, large predators)
Management aspects (simple food chain, sensitive to outside)

97
Q

Boreal Forest Facts

A

Climate (moderate temp, moderate precipitation)
Wildlife (Diverse mammals, migratory birds, 1/3 of North American birds use this biome)
management aspects (fire-tolerant ecosystems)

98
Q

Temperate Decidous Forest

A

Climate (high precip, warm/humid summers, cool winters)
Wildlife (high diversity, complex ecosystems)
Management aspects (Species are specific, resource management)

99
Q

Desert

A

climate (hot, low precip, short growing season)
wildlife (small mammals, reptiles)
Management (fragile ecosystems, sensitive to outside, active management)

99
Q

Temperate Grassland (Prarie)

A

Climate( Low/moderate precip, wet/dry cycles, hot summers, cold winters)
Wildlife (large grazing mammals, predators)
Management Aspects ( migratory bird routes, active management methods, agriculture concerns)

100
Q

Mediterranean Scrub Forest (chaparral)

A

Climate (stable/moderate, dry summer, short wet winter)
Wildlife (diversity of animals)
Management (perfect for humans, limited native habitat, natural fires common)

101
Q

Tropical RainForest

A

Climate (high precip, wet and dry seasons)
Wildlife (animal diversity is highest)
Management Aspects (most nutrients in vegetation, slow to recover from deforestation, large continuous tracks needed, difficult to manage people)

102
Q

R-selected species

A
  1. high rate of population increase
  2. discover new habitats quickly
  3. reproduce quickly
  4. disperse quickly
  5. overuse may occur causing migration and cycle starts over
103
Q

K-selected species

A
  1. Population is maintained near carrying capacity
  2. produce few offspring with high survival rates
  3. long life span
  4. adapted for life in stable, long-lived environments

Wildlife Management (8 decks)

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