WM final Flashcards
don't fail these finals!!
Wildlife Management
application of ecological knowledge to animal populations and their plant and animal associates in a manner that strikes a balance between the needs of these populations and those of people
What was considered a dark year?
Market Hunting
There was a person that killed 100,000 of a species of bird, what bird was it?
Robin
What 2 seasons did market hunting happen the most?
Nesting and Breeding
What year was the Migratory Bird Treaty Act passed?
1918
What was the first federal bird sanctuary?
Pelican Island (1903)
Most numerous bird that is now extinct?
Passenger Pigeon
What 2 bird species were declared extinct in 1914
Passenger Pigeon and Carolina Parakeet
What was the wild turkey population in the 16th century?
10 million
Market Hunting was detrimental to what species?
White Tailed deer
What is the current estimated deer population?
15 million
During the years of 1871-1872 how many bison were shot?
8.5 million
How many bison remained in 1889?
150
What year was the last free-roaming bison shot?
1894
Ecology
Study of interrelationships of organisms with one another and their environment.
What is the number of trophic levels limited by?
resources
Range of Tolerance
Range of environmental conditions that limit the abundance and distribution of organisms
What biome has the highest diversity of wildlife?
Tropical Rainforest
highest Animal diversity of any biome?
Temperate deciduous Forest
What is the early and late state of succession called?
Early - Pioneer
late- climax
what is the indication of the number of species?
Richness
Population Ecology
Interaction and interbreeding of individuals
What are the characteristics of Population?
Diversity, Fertility, Fecundity, Birth rate, Mortality rate, Recruitment
What are the management aspects for range of tolerance?
- environmental conditions need to be considered with reintroducing/stocking
- Changes in an environment in a given area could result in loss of species
Does soil Quality have a direct relationship to food management in wildlife?
Yes
Which 3 species do extensive damage?
Deer, Snow geese, Hogs
Is organic farming ideal for all crops?
No
Natural foods can be increased but public won’t be happy about ________?
Habitat modification
Fish migrating down rivers to the sea to spawn
Catadromous (eels)
Fish migrating up rivers from sea to spawn
Anadromous (salmon)
How much more energy does fat contain then carbohydrates?
double
Ethology
Study of Animal Behavior
What was the first year of Everglades National Park?
1947
Are honeysuckles invasive?
Yes
When did the Eyon Valdez oil spill happen?
1989
Power plants produce what type of pollution?
thermal
what is the % of micronutrients in wildlife?
.01%
Artic tern migrates how many miles?
20,000
What chemical was banned in 1972?
DDT
02 is used up during decomposition from what type of pollution?
Organic Pollution Eutrophication
What year did conservation tillage surpass conventional tillage?
1994
5 Aspects of fire on grassland?
- Gets rid of woody species
- Increases quality of grassland
- increases soil nutrients and quality
- warms ground causing new growth
- mostly doesn’t harm wildife
Rangeland reform occurred in what year?
1994
Wildlife feed by humans can become ________
a nuisance
Proteins contain amino acids that are essentials for the reproduction of what?
cells
What are the 2 types of preditors?
- Generalist (make good use of what’s available)
- Specialist (specialize in one species
What is the most invasive speices in this area?
Honeysuckle
What is poisonous in high levels in fish?
mercury
What could encourage over popullation and is expensive?
feeding
List and describe components of animal behavior
- Habitat selection
- Courtship behavior
- Territorial behavior
- Dispersal
- Imprinting
- Migration
What is the importance of Farms to wildlife?
- provides edge
- food and cover
- early succession habitat
4.water source - nesting
- imprinting
What 2 things are barriers to terrestrial species?
Rivers and Oceans
What is a Coywolf?
Cayote and Wolf mix
What source of pollution is hard to monitor as well as hard to regulate?
non-point source
Do herbicides have an indirect effect on wildlife by killing vegetation?
Yes
What classification may vary by state or region?
Non-game species
Section 7 of the endangered species act requires an environmental impact statement
True
Currently there is how many animals listed on the endangered list?
over 1300
“tree farms” primary purpose is to harvest trees for wood products
True
Primary age of an Anti-hunter is between _____ years of age
30-39
early hunting took place with _____ and large hunting parties
spears
Planting exotic trees can replace native trees?
true
Monoculture strands of trees cannot have an increase of insect infestation
False
Which of the following considered an exotic species of bird?
Starling
Zebra Mussels were introduced in 1985 into what body of water?
The Great Lakes
Nutria was brought to the US in _____ for fur farming
1930’s
An area designated primarily for human recreation
Park
On August 25, 1916 the National Park Service was formed
True
Who brought the Ring-neck pheasant to US for hunting?
European Immigrants
How many millions of acres were in National Forest in 1907?
100,000
K-selected species are not as vulnerable to extinction
False
The endangered species preservation act was approved in
1973
The first national park was established in
1872
The role of hunters is being challenged today
true
Hunting in parks is not accepted by most of the public
true
this endangered species can encounter problems if ground water is polluted
Ozark crave fish and cave crayfish
Africanized bees were introduced in ______ in southern Brazil
1956
Endangered species that have benefited from captive breeding are which of the following?
Peregrine Falcon, Panda, black-footed ferret
What is the most common animal attack report in National Parks?
Bear
Clear cuts are very beneficial for wildlife for the first few years
true
What is the average age of a trapper?
35
There are over _____ of wildlife refugees
450
Sandhill cranes were used as foster parents for whooping cranes
true
Animals on islands often evolved without preditors
True
Animals that are faced with extinction in all or much of their distribution are considered to be ______ by federal listing
Endangered
Animals that are proposed as endangered but not yet classified are considered to be _____ by federal listing
Candidate
Animals that seem likely to become endangered are considered _______ by federal listing
Threatened
National Invasive Species act was enacted in what year?
1996
The primary purpose of the National Wildlife Refuge is to maintain wildlife and habitat in a natural state
True
Trapping has more controversy than hunting
True
The argument of pro-hunters is that man is a natural predator
True
is it illegal to ship certain plants and animals by mail?
True
Which are factors that can lead to endangerment of an animal?
Poaching, biological events, environmental events
A sub-account of the Pittman-Robertson Act funds non-game species
True
Which of the following is considered an exotic plant in Missouri
Japanese Honeysuckle, Tall Fescue, Autumn Olive
Tudra Facts
Climate (short summers, long/cold winters, low precipitation)
Wildlife (grazing mammals, migratory birds, large predators)
Management aspects (simple food chain, sensitive to outside)
Boreal Forest Facts
Climate (moderate temp, moderate precipitation)
Wildlife (Diverse mammals, migratory birds, 1/3 of North American birds use this biome)
management aspects (fire-tolerant ecosystems)
Temperate Decidous Forest
Climate (high precip, warm/humid summers, cool winters)
Wildlife (high diversity, complex ecosystems)
Management aspects (Species are specific, resource management)
Desert
climate (hot, low precip, short growing season)
wildlife (small mammals, reptiles)
Management (fragile ecosystems, sensitive to outside, active management)
Temperate Grassland (Prarie)
Climate( Low/moderate precip, wet/dry cycles, hot summers, cold winters)
Wildlife (large grazing mammals, predators)
Management Aspects ( migratory bird routes, active management methods, agriculture concerns)
Mediterranean Scrub Forest (chaparral)
Climate (stable/moderate, dry summer, short wet winter)
Wildlife (diversity of animals)
Management (perfect for humans, limited native habitat, natural fires common)
Tropical RainForest
Climate (high precip, wet and dry seasons)
Wildlife (animal diversity is highest)
Management Aspects (most nutrients in vegetation, slow to recover from deforestation, large continuous tracks needed, difficult to manage people)
R-selected species
- high rate of population increase
- discover new habitats quickly
- reproduce quickly
- disperse quickly
- overuse may occur causing migration and cycle starts over
K-selected species
- Population is maintained near carrying capacity
- produce few offspring with high survival rates
- long life span
- adapted for life in stable, long-lived environments
