Test 2 (Animal Science Flashcards
What is the vulva and what is it’s purpose?
Vulva is the outer most part of the reproductive tract
the gates that allow urine, the baby, reproductive material and other things to exit or enter the body
what is the vagina and what is it’s purpose?
The vagina is the canal between the cervix and the vulva
the birth canal
What is the cervix and what is it’s purpose?
the cervix is the gateway to the uterus and connects to the vagina.
it protects uterus and prevents urine contamination
what is the uterus and what is it’s purpose?
the uterus is the site of pregnancy and also assits in other functions such as sperm transport, regulation of corpus luteum
What are the ovaries and what are their purposes?
The ovaries produce eggs (oocytes), estrogen, progesterone, and follicles.
What is the oviduct and what is it’s purpose?
the tube-like structure that connects the infundibulum.
It transports ova and sperm, it’s the site of fertilization
What is the infundibulum and what is it’s purpose
The section in between the ovaries and the oviduct.
It catches the ova after ovulation and takes it to the oviduct.
what is an epididymis and what is it’s function?
Epididymis is the tupe-like structure that functions to concentrate, store, transport, and facilitate maturation of sperm cells
located in front of testicles
what is a folicule?
blister-like structure that is developing on the ovary, and that is where the egg is produced
What are the testicles and what are their functions?
ball like organs. They produce testosterone and spermatozoa
What is the vas deferens and what is it’s function?
The tube-like structure stretches from the epididymis (testicle area) to the urethral canal.
transports sperm
What is the scrotum and what is it’s function?
Is the outer layer that surrounds the testicles
supports testicles and controls temperature
Where is the seminal vesicle located and what is it’s function?
connected to the ureter, on top of the urinary bladder.
produces seminal fluid
Where is the cowper’s gland located and what is it’s function?
at the end of the body of the urinary bladder. A small bump right up top the end of the bladder.
same function as the seminal vesicle
where is the sigmoid flexture located?
an s-shaped structure that is a continuation of the penis, located up and to the left of the testicles
what is the retractor muscle’s function and where is it located
To retract and release the penis. attached to end of sigmoid flexture and to the bones in the top of the cow
what is the penis and what is it’s function?
penis is the organ of copulation. passageway of semen and urine
how many chromosomes (and pairs of chromosomes) do goats and cattle have?
60 (30 pairs)
how many chromosomes (and pairs of chromosomes) do turkeys have?
82 (41 pairs)
how many chromosomes (and pairs of chromosomes) do chickens have?
78 (39 pairs)
how many chromosomes (and pairs of chromosomes) do horses have?
64 (32 pairs)
how many chromosomes (and pairs of chromosomes) do sheep have?
54 (27 pairs)
how many chromosomes (and pairs of chromosomes) do swine have?
38 (19 pairs)
dominant allele
the overpowering allele
recessive allele
the overpowered allele
Codominance
where both of the alleles are represented equally and appear together
Homozygous
both the alleles are the same.
Can Be dominant or recessive
EX: BB or bb
Heterozygous
There is one dominant and one recessive allele
EX: Bb
Genotype
the genetic ratio (a result of punnet square) That represents the genetic makeup of the off spring
EX: 1BB, 2Bb, 1bb
Phenotype
The physical ratio (a result of the Punnett square) that represents the appearance of the offspring
EX: 2:1 (black:red)
What is inbreeding?
1/2 mating systems
mating of animals more closely related than the average of the breed or population
what is outbreeding?
1/2 mating systems
mating of animals not as closely related as the average of the population.
What is linebreeding?
a form of inbreeding
inbreeding is kept relatively low while maintaining a high genetic relationship to an ancestor or line of ancestors.
what is outcrossing?
mating of unrelated animals within the same breed.
a type of outbreeding
In swine, how long does it take to get to butcher weight?
280 days
When was the 1st sire summary published?
1971
What does Flushing mean in Sheep, goats and hogs?
providing the female with excess food to falsify a good environment so that the animal would produce more eggs. This is leading up to the breeding season
How long is the gestation period in a cow?
284 DAYS
advantages of AI
- Superior genetics
- disease control
- reduces potential injury
- provides early detection of reduced semen quality
Disadvantages of AI
- requires extensive management
- Requires skill and/or training
- cost can be expensive (materials)
Where is the egg shell produced in poultry?
uterus
What is progesterone and what does it do?
progesterone is a hormone, and it maintains pregnancy in the uterus
what is mitosis?
each parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells each carrying a full chromosome complement.
what is meiosis?
the creation of daughter cells that carry one-half the normal number of chromosomes so that during fertilization each parent has contributed a sample one-half of their genetic material to the offspring.
What hormone is produced in the hypothalamus?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
What two hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What hormone is produced in the ovarian follicle?
Estrogen
What hormone is produced in the corpus luteum?
progesterone
What hormone is produced in a non-pregnant uterus?
Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha)
What hormone is produced in the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin
What is hybrid Vigor?
greater vigor or productivity of crossbreds
what influences puberty?
early onset
What does a high heritability estimate mean?
Genetics plays a bigger role in this trait
ex: coat color, carcass traits
What does a low heritability estimate mean?
Environment plays a bigger role in this trait
ex: Reproduction, calving interval, etc
what are some EPDs?
Weining weight, yearling weight, calving ease score, ribeye area score, marbling score, milk score
Give me an example of EPD in action
if the selected bull has a calf, the Birth weight is +5 of the breed average. meaning the calf would be 5 pounds heavier.
What is the definition of Expected Progeny difference?
How we can expect the offspring to perform compared to the breed average
What is the correct order of anatomical structures internal to external (Female)?
Ovary, Oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina
Only one ovary and one oviduct develop and become functional in the mature female hen. (T or F)
true
Spermatozoa are generated within the seminiferous tubules in the testicles. (T or F)
true
The cells within the testicles that produce testosterone are called the Leydig or interstitial cells. (T or F)
true
The length of the estrous cycle in hogs and cattle is the same. (T or F)
true
Sheep have the longest estrus response. (T or F)
True
what is the gestation length of a horse?
336
Turkey semen cannot be frozen satisfactorily. (T or F)
true
Which species has the most pairs of chromosomes?
turkeys
A zygote has the haploid number of chromosomes. (T or F)
false
All cells in the body except gametes have the diploid number of chromosomes. (T or F)
true
The location of a gene on a chromosome is called a correct position. (T or F)
true
