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Wildlife Management > Test 2 (Animal Science > Flashcards

Test 2 (Animal Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vulva and what is it’s purpose?

A

Vulva is the outer most part of the reproductive tract
the gates that allow urine, the baby, reproductive material and other things to exit or enter the body

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2
Q

what is the vagina and what is it’s purpose?

A

The vagina is the canal between the cervix and the vulva
the birth canal

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3
Q

What is the cervix and what is it’s purpose?

A

the cervix is the gateway to the uterus and connects to the vagina.
it protects uterus and prevents urine contamination

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4
Q

what is the uterus and what is it’s purpose?

A

the uterus is the site of pregnancy and also assits in other functions such as sperm transport, regulation of corpus luteum

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5
Q

What are the ovaries and what are their purposes?

A

The ovaries produce eggs (oocytes), estrogen, progesterone, and follicles.

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6
Q

What is the oviduct and what is it’s purpose?

A

the tube-like structure that connects the infundibulum.
It transports ova and sperm, it’s the site of fertilization

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7
Q

What is the infundibulum and what is it’s purpose

A

The section in between the ovaries and the oviduct.
It catches the ova after ovulation and takes it to the oviduct.

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8
Q

what is an epididymis and what is it’s function?

A

Epididymis is the tupe-like structure that functions to concentrate, store, transport, and facilitate maturation of sperm cells
located in front of testicles

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8
Q

what is a folicule?

A

blister-like structure that is developing on the ovary, and that is where the egg is produced

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9
Q

What are the testicles and what are their functions?

A

ball like organs. They produce testosterone and spermatozoa

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10
Q

What is the vas deferens and what is it’s function?

A

The tube-like structure stretches from the epididymis (testicle area) to the urethral canal.
transports sperm

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11
Q

What is the scrotum and what is it’s function?

A

Is the outer layer that surrounds the testicles
supports testicles and controls temperature

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12
Q

Where is the seminal vesicle located and what is it’s function?

A

connected to the ureter, on top of the urinary bladder.
produces seminal fluid

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13
Q

Where is the cowper’s gland located and what is it’s function?

A

at the end of the body of the urinary bladder. A small bump right up top the end of the bladder.
same function as the seminal vesicle

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14
Q

where is the sigmoid flexture located?

A

an s-shaped structure that is a continuation of the penis, located up and to the left of the testicles

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15
Q

what is the retractor muscle’s function and where is it located

A

To retract and release the penis. attached to end of sigmoid flexture and to the bones in the top of the cow

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16
Q

what is the penis and what is it’s function?

A

penis is the organ of copulation. passageway of semen and urine

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17
Q

how many chromosomes (and pairs of chromosomes) do goats and cattle have?

A

60 (30 pairs)

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18
Q

how many chromosomes (and pairs of chromosomes) do turkeys have?

A

82 (41 pairs)

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19
Q

how many chromosomes (and pairs of chromosomes) do chickens have?

A

78 (39 pairs)

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20
Q

how many chromosomes (and pairs of chromosomes) do horses have?

A

64 (32 pairs)

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21
Q

how many chromosomes (and pairs of chromosomes) do sheep have?

A

54 (27 pairs)

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22
Q

how many chromosomes (and pairs of chromosomes) do swine have?

A

38 (19 pairs)

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23
Q

dominant allele

A

the overpowering allele

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24
Q

recessive allele

A

the overpowered allele

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25
Q

Codominance

A

where both of the alleles are represented equally and appear together

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26
Q

Homozygous

A

both the alleles are the same.
Can Be dominant or recessive
EX: BB or bb

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27
Q

Heterozygous

A

There is one dominant and one recessive allele
EX: Bb

28
Q

Genotype

A

the genetic ratio (a result of punnet square) That represents the genetic makeup of the off spring
EX: 1BB, 2Bb, 1bb

29
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical ratio (a result of the Punnett square) that represents the appearance of the offspring
EX: 2:1 (black:red)

30
Q

What is inbreeding?

A

1/2 mating systems
mating of animals more closely related than the average of the breed or population

31
Q

what is outbreeding?

A

1/2 mating systems
mating of animals not as closely related as the average of the population.

32
Q

What is linebreeding?

A

a form of inbreeding
inbreeding is kept relatively low while maintaining a high genetic relationship to an ancestor or line of ancestors.

32
Q

what is outcrossing?

A

mating of unrelated animals within the same breed.
a type of outbreeding

33
Q

In swine, how long does it take to get to butcher weight?

A

280 days

33
Q

When was the 1st sire summary published?

A

1971

34
Q

What does Flushing mean in Sheep, goats and hogs?

A

providing the female with excess food to falsify a good environment so that the animal would produce more eggs. This is leading up to the breeding season

35
Q

How long is the gestation period in a cow?

A

284 DAYS

36
Q

advantages of AI

A
  1. Superior genetics
  2. disease control
  3. reduces potential injury
  4. provides early detection of reduced semen quality
37
Q

Disadvantages of AI

A
  1. requires extensive management
  2. Requires skill and/or training
  3. cost can be expensive (materials)
38
Q

Where is the egg shell produced in poultry?

A

uterus

39
Q

What is progesterone and what does it do?

A

progesterone is a hormone, and it maintains pregnancy in the uterus

40
Q

what is mitosis?

A

each parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells each carrying a full chromosome complement.

41
Q

what is meiosis?

A

the creation of daughter cells that carry one-half the normal number of chromosomes so that during fertilization each parent has contributed a sample one-half of their genetic material to the offspring.

42
Q

What hormone is produced in the hypothalamus?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

43
Q

What two hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary?

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)

44
Q

What hormone is produced in the ovarian follicle?

A

Estrogen

45
Q

What hormone is produced in the corpus luteum?

A

progesterone

46
Q

What hormone is produced in a non-pregnant uterus?

A

Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha)

47
Q

What hormone is produced in the posterior pituitary?

A

Oxytocin

48
Q

What is hybrid Vigor?

A

greater vigor or productivity of crossbreds

49
Q

what influences puberty?

A

early onset

50
Q

What does a high heritability estimate mean?

A

Genetics plays a bigger role in this trait
ex: coat color, carcass traits

51
Q

What does a low heritability estimate mean?

A

Environment plays a bigger role in this trait
ex: Reproduction, calving interval, etc

52
Q

what are some EPDs?

A

Weining weight, yearling weight, calving ease score, ribeye area score, marbling score, milk score

53
Q

Give me an example of EPD in action

A

if the selected bull has a calf, the Birth weight is +5 of the breed average. meaning the calf would be 5 pounds heavier.

54
Q

What is the definition of Expected Progeny difference?

A

How we can expect the offspring to perform compared to the breed average

55
Q

What is the correct order of anatomical structures internal to external (Female)?

A

Ovary, Oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina

56
Q

Only one ovary and one oviduct develop and become functional in the mature female hen. (T or F)

A

true

57
Q

Spermatozoa are generated within the seminiferous tubules in the testicles. (T or F)

A

true

58
Q

The cells within the testicles that produce testosterone are called the Leydig or interstitial cells. (T or F)

A

true

59
Q

The length of the estrous cycle in hogs and cattle is the same. (T or F)

A

true

60
Q

Sheep have the longest estrus response. (T or F)

A

True

61
Q

what is the gestation length of a horse?

A

336

62
Q

Turkey semen cannot be frozen satisfactorily. (T or F)

A

true

63
Q

Which species has the most pairs of chromosomes?

A

turkeys

64
Q

A zygote has the haploid number of chromosomes. (T or F)

A

false

65
Q

All cells in the body except gametes have the diploid number of chromosomes. (T or F)

A

true

66
Q

The location of a gene on a chromosome is called a correct position. (T or F)

A

true

Wildlife Management (8 decks)

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