Test 1 Flashcards
to help study for the first test
Wildlife management
Application of ecological knowledge to animal populations and their plant and animal associates in a manner that strikes a balance between the needs of these populations and the needs of the people
Market Hunting is considered …..
A dark Era
A single market hunter sold 120,000 ___________ in the winter of 1902-1903.
Robins
Market hunting happens the most during these seasons
Nesting and breeding
What act was passed in 1618?
Migratory Bird Treaty Act
What was the first federal bird sanctuary?
Pelican Island
What was once the most numerous bird that is now extinct?
Passenger Pigeon
What 2 species were declared extinct in1914?
Passenger Pigeon and Carolina Parakeet
What bird did people make nesting boxes for in1939?
Wood Duck
What was the wild turkey population in the 16th century?
10 million
What species was market hunting detrimental to?
White-tailed deer
What is the current estimated population of deer in the US?
15 million
1871-1872 ____ bison shot
8.5 million
In the year 1889 how many bison were left?
150
What year was the last free-roaming bison shot?
1894
Ecology
study of the interrelationships of organisms with one another and their environment
Number of ______ is limited by resources.
trophic levels
Range of tolerence
range of environmental conditions that limit the abundance and distribution of organisms.
What is the biome with the highest diversity of wildlife?
tropical rainforest
highest animal diversity of any biome.
Temperate deciduous forest
What is the early stage of succession called?
Pioneer
What is the late stage of Succession called?
Climax
The indication of the number of species
Richness
Population Ecology
the interaction and interbreeding of individuals
Characteristics of Population
diversity, fertility, fecundity, birth rate, mortality rate, and recruitment
Management aspects for Range of Tolerance
Environmental conditions need to be considered with reintroducing/stocking. Changes in the environment in a given area could result in the loss of species.
Wildlife
all living organisms not cultivated or domesticated
What is the percentage of game animals in wildlife management?
9% birds and 12% mammals
Are fish considered part of wildlife management?
No
Wildlife management is biased towards whose needs?
people
Wildlife management was primarily game management until when?
1960’s
Who is considered the “father” of wildlife management?
Aldo Leopold
Which text book from the 1933 is associate with wildlife management?
game management
Which act was passed in 1937 that placed a 10% sales tax on firearms and ammunition?
Pittman-Robertson Act
Short summers, long winters, low precipitation, grazing mammals, migratory birds, large predators, simple food chain, sensitive to outside
Tundra
Moderate temperature, moderate precipitation, diverse mammals, 1/3 migratory birdd found here, fire-tolerant ecosystems.
Boreal Forest (Taiga)
high precipitation, warm/humid summers, cool winters, high diversity, complex ecosystems, species are specific to biome, resource management needs to be implemented.
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Low/moderate precipitation, wet/dry cycles, hot summers/cold winters, large grazing mammals, predators, migratory bird routes, active management methods, agriculture concerns
Temperate Grassland (prarie)
hot, low precipitation, short growing season, small mammals, reptiles, fragile ecosystems, sensitive to outside, active management needed
Desert
Stable/moderate clime, dry summer, short wet winter, diversity of animals, ideal for humans, limited native habitat, natural fires are common
Mediterranean Scrub Forest (Chapperal)
high precipitation, wet and dry seasons, animal diversity highest, most nutrients in vegetation, slow to recover from deforestation, difficult to manage people
Tropical Rainforest
high rate of population increase, discover new habitat quickly, reproduce rapidly, disperse rapidly, over use may occur causing migration and cycle starts over
R-rated species
Populations are maintained near carrying capacity, produce few offspring with high survival rates, long life span, adapted for life in stable/long-lived environments.
k-rated species
Characteristics affecting Population growth
sex ratios, mating seasons, age of sexual maturity, age-specific birth rate, age structure, environmental influences.
Ethology
study of animal behavior
