wk9- osteology of the foot

Question 1

Hallux has how many phalanges

Answer 1

2, proximal and distal;

Question 2

digits have how many phalanges

Answer 2

3, proximal, middle, distal phalanges

Question 3

secondary ossification centres form where in the phalanges and metatarsals?

Answer 3

bases of metatarsal 1, bases of all phalanges, heads of metatarsal bones 2-5

Question 4

what are the joints of the forefoot

Answer 4

tarsometatarsal
inter metatarsal
metatarsophalangeal
interphalangeal

Question 5

functional tarsometatarsal joint is made up of what anatomical joints?

Answer 5

medial, intermediate and lateral tarsometatarsal joints

Question 6

what ligaments support these joints

Answer 6

dorsal, interosseous and plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments

Question 7

how many inter metatarsal joints are there

Answer 7

3, first metatarsal doesn’t articulate with the others

Question 8

what joints have no dorsal ligaments

Answer 8

metatarsophalangeal andinterphalangeal joints

Question 9

what ligaments make up the metatarsophalangeal joint

Answer 9

Plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments (Plantar plate)
Collateral ligaments (medial and lateral cords)
Deep transverse metatarsal ligament

Question 10

what ligaments make up the inteprhalangeal joint

Answer 10

Collateral ligaments (medial and lateral cords)
Plantar interphalangeal ligaments

Question 11

hallux valgas is what

Answer 11

lateral deviation of the hallux, at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joint.

Causes:

Narrow fitting footwear
Genetics (short 1st metatarsal, rounded 1st metatarsal head)
Trauma
Causes of HV pain:

Osteoarthritis in the 1st MTP joint
Bursitis along the bony exostosis
Impingement of 1st proper digital nerves.
Muscular pain in abductor hallucis or adductor hallucis.

Question 12

what is it called when the talus and calcaneus fuse together

Answer 12

talocalcaneal coalition

Question 13

what is hallux varus

Answer 13

deviation of the hallux towards midline