WK2- femur, tibia and knee joint Flashcards
what is the longest bone in the body?
femur
list what features are in the proximal end of the femur 9
head of femur
fovea wapitis femoris
greater trochanter
trochanteric fossa
lesser trochanter
intertrochanteric line
intertrochnateric crest
quadrate tubercle
neck
what is angle of inclination and what is the range of degrees and the average in an adult. what is the word for decreased range and increased?
the femur is bent so the long axis of the head and neck lies at an angle to the shaft. this decreases with age.
average range= 113 to 136
adult average/norm= 125
decreased= coxa vara (old age)
increased= coxa valga (child)
what is angle of femoral torsion
proximal end of femur forms a 12 degree angle with the transverse axis when superimposed to improve angle for the hip joint.
range 10-15 degrees
features of the distal end of femur 6
intercondylar notch/fossa
medial and laterial condyles
supracondylar line
popliteal surface
medial and lateral epicondyles
adductor tubercle
what is the articular surface of the hip joint?
the head of femur and lunate surface of the acetabulum
what movements can the hip joint do? 7
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation and circumduction.
extracapuslar ligaments of the hip joint 4
iliofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament
acetabulum labrum ligament
intracapsular ligaments in the hip joint 2
transverse ligament
head of femur ligament
anterior surface is ….. compared to the posterior surface
smooth, compared to posterior that is roughened markings
posterior has what lines in the superior 1/3, middle 1/3 and inferior 1/3?
superior: spiral, pectineal, gluteal tuberosity
middle: linea aspera and lips
inferior: medial and lateral supracondylar line
how to identify difference between medial and lateral distal end of femur
medial is more uniformly curved
where is the pit for gastrocnemius and groove for popliteus?
lateral femoral condyle
what is covered by hyaline articular cartilage in the hip joint?
femoral head and lunate surface of acetabulum
what is the acetabular labrum
a ring of fibrocartilage that attaches to the acetabular rim
what is the articular fibrous capsule
the external boundary of the intracapsular structures
what are the intracapuslar structures of the hip joint? 5
transverse acetabular ligament
acetabular labrum
ligament of the head of femur
femoral head
lunate surface of acetabulum
non articular surfaces are covered with what?
synovial membrane
what does the iliofemoral ligament do in the hip? how is it orientated and what does it attach to?
restricts over extension, adduction, abduction and medial and lateral rotation
anterior ligament in a y shape
attaches to AIIS and intertrochanteric line
what does the pubofemoral ligament do in the hip? how is it orientated and what does it attach to?
restrict abduction
anterior ligament
attaches to superior pubic rams, fibrous capsule and iliofemoral ligament
what does the ischiofemoral ligament do in hip? orientation and what does it attach to?
restricts medial rotation
posterior ligament
attached to adjacent to acetabular rim and spirals anteriorly to attach to the greater trochanter.
what part of the patella is non articular ?
apex (lower 1/5th) is non articular
base of patella has what orientation?
slopes anteroinferiorly
what does the patella surface have?
small foraminae and stria
patella has what ossification centres?
only primary
patellofemoral articulation allows for what
the pull of quad muscle to be directed anteriorly over the knee to the tibia without tendon wear
what ligaments in the knee prevent side to side movement?
medial and lateral collateral ligaments
what makes up the knee joint complex 9
articular surface
fibrous capsule and thickenings
synovial membranes
patella ligament
collateral ligaments
menisci
meniscofemoral ligaments
cruciate ligaments
bursae
extracapsular structures of the knee
lateral and medial patellar retinaculum
fibrous capsule
arcuate popliteal ligament
oblique popliteal ligament
patella ligament
bursae of the knee 4
anterior:
suprapatella bursa (intracapsualar)
prepatella bursa (extracapsular)
superficial infrapatella bursa
deep infrapatella bursa
which ligament is the weakest in the knee?
ACL
movements of the knee 4
flexion, extension , medial rotation, lateral rotation
intracapsular ligaments of the knee
posterior cruciate ligament
anterior “
posterior meniscofemoral lig
anterior “
extra capsular ligs in knee
patella lig, medial collateral lig, lateral “, transverse ligament ?
features of the tibia proximal end 5
tibial condyles
medial tibial condyle
lateral tibial condyle
intercondylar eminence and tubercles
tibial tuberosity
appearance of the superior medial condylar surface of tibia
slightly concaved and oval shaped (covered with hyaline cartilage)
appearance fo the superior lateral condylar surface
slightly concaved, smaller and more circular than medial condylar surface and covered with hyaline cartilage
neck of the tibia consists of what?
superior smooth region and an inferior roughened region
what does the fibrous capsule attach to in the hip joint
intertrochnteric line
margins of the acetabulum
posterior aspect of the femoral neck
head of femur ligament attaches where and is made up of what
margins of the acetabular notch
consists as medial and lateral bands
articular surfaces in the hip joint are 2
lunate surface
head of femur
what is articular cartilage q
provide a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads with a low frictional coefficient
patella has 2 posterior facets and it mat be what
bipartite or tripartite
when does the patella ossify?
3-6years
surfaces/border of shaft of tibia
anterior border, posterior surface, medial surface, lateral border
what muscle passes across the medial malleolar groove
tibialis posterior
what attaches to the tibial tuberosity and where is it located/what is the area like?
provides attachment for the quadriceps femoris tendon
it is located on the anterior surface of the tibia and has a rough superior region and smooth inferior region
where is the groove for the attachment of semimembranous located
medial tibial condyle
soleal line is located
posterior surface of tibia
surfaces for the tibia
posterior, medial, lateral 3
borders for the tibia
what are the borders for the tibia
anterior, medial, interosseous
when does the tibia ossify all centres
by the 20th year
the knee joint is what kind of joint?
saddle synovial joint
the coronary ligament of the knee attaches to what
tibial condyles
lateral meniscus
medial meniscus
(deep part of fibrous capsule)
the patella ligament attaches to what structure and part of what tendon? and is located anterior to what?
attaches to tibial tuberosity
part of the quad femoris tendon
and lies anterior to the infra patella fat pad
the MCL attaches to what
medial meniscus and medial femoral epicondyle
the LCL attaches to the ? and lies adjacent to?
had of the fibular and lies adjacent to the tendon f popilteus
where does ACL attach?
immediately behind the anterior attachment of the medial meniscus, and the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle and lies anterolateral to the posterior cruciate ligament
the lateral meniscus of the knee attaches to what bony structure and ligament
lateral tubercle of the tibial intercondylar eminence and may attach to two meniscofemoral ligaments
is the acl or pcl wider
same length, pcl wider
where do the meniscofemoral ligaments attach to
lateral side of the medial femoral condyle
menisci are formed by
fibrocartilage
the lcl is what like?
cord-like
what tendon is partially intracapsular in the knee
tendon of popliteus
what type of joint is the patellofemoral part of knee
saddle synovial joint
movements of the knee joint
medial/lateral rotation
extension/flexion
gliding movement
what bone is the fibula notch located
tibia
what bony features does the fibula have
styloid process (head of fib, lateral/posterior)
malleolar groove
fossa
borders of the fibular
anterior
interossesous
posterior
what are the surfaces of the fibula
lateral medial posterior
the malleolar fossa of the fib lies where and provides attachment for what
behind taller articular facet
attachment for posterior talofibular ligament
what muscles pass across the lateral malleolar groove of fib
fibulas longs and brevis
where do fibularis muscles attach ?
lateral surface of fibula
where does the interosseous border attach on the fib
medial crest (posterior surface)
when do centres fuse for the fibula
by 20years
when do secondary ossification genres present in the fib
by the 5th year
what surface Is the intertrochantric line and intertrochantric crest on?
line- anterior
crest- posterior
what surface of the femur is the quadrate tubercle located and what attaches
posterior
quadrates femoris
bony features on the posterior surface of the femur- shaft
linea aspera
gluteal tuberosity
spiral line
pectineal line
what side is the patella surface on the femur more on?
lateral
which condylar is more uniform?
medial femoral condylar
what side is the adductor tubercle on?
medial
what is the adductor tubercle for- attachment?
adductor magnus
where Is the pit for gastrocnemius and groove for popliteus located and which is superior
lateral side of the distal femur
pit superior
what bone is the soleal line on
tibia (superior part of shaft)
where is the groove for semimembranosus located
posteromedial side of tibia condyle
