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LSB235- ANATOMY > WK2- femur, tibia and knee joint > Flashcards

WK2- femur, tibia and knee joint Flashcards

1
Q

what is the longest bone in the body?

A

femur

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2
Q

list what features are in the proximal end of the femur 9

A

head of femur
fovea wapitis femoris
greater trochanter
trochanteric fossa
lesser trochanter
intertrochanteric line
intertrochnateric crest
quadrate tubercle
neck

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3
Q

what is angle of inclination and what is the range of degrees and the average in an adult. what is the word for decreased range and increased?

A

the femur is bent so the long axis of the head and neck lies at an angle to the shaft. this decreases with age.
average range= 113 to 136
adult average/norm= 125

decreased= coxa vara (old age)
increased= coxa valga (child)

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4
Q

what is angle of femoral torsion

A

proximal end of femur forms a 12 degree angle with the transverse axis when superimposed to improve angle for the hip joint.

range 10-15 degrees

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5
Q

features of the distal end of femur 6

A

intercondylar notch/fossa
medial and laterial condyles
supracondylar line
popliteal surface
medial and lateral epicondyles
adductor tubercle

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6
Q

what is the articular surface of the hip joint?

A

the head of femur and lunate surface of the acetabulum

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7
Q

what movements can the hip joint do? 7

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation and circumduction.

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8
Q

extracapuslar ligaments of the hip joint 4

A

iliofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament
acetabulum labrum ligament

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9
Q

intracapsular ligaments in the hip joint 2

A

transverse ligament
head of femur ligament

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10
Q

anterior surface is ….. compared to the posterior surface

A

smooth, compared to posterior that is roughened markings

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11
Q

posterior has what lines in the superior 1/3, middle 1/3 and inferior 1/3?

A

superior: spiral, pectineal, gluteal tuberosity
middle: linea aspera and lips
inferior: medial and lateral supracondylar line

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12
Q

how to identify difference between medial and lateral distal end of femur

A

medial is more uniformly curved

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13
Q

where is the pit for gastrocnemius and groove for popliteus?

A

lateral femoral condyle

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14
Q

what is covered by hyaline articular cartilage in the hip joint?

A

femoral head and lunate surface of acetabulum

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15
Q

what is the acetabular labrum

A

a ring of fibrocartilage that attaches to the acetabular rim

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16
Q

what is the articular fibrous capsule

A

the external boundary of the intracapsular structures

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17
Q

what are the intracapuslar structures of the hip joint? 5

A

transverse acetabular ligament
acetabular labrum
ligament of the head of femur
femoral head
lunate surface of acetabulum

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18
Q

non articular surfaces are covered with what?

A

synovial membrane

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19
Q

what does the iliofemoral ligament do in the hip? how is it orientated and what does it attach to?

A

restricts over extension, adduction, abduction and medial and lateral rotation

anterior ligament in a y shape

attaches to AIIS and intertrochanteric line

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20
Q

what does the pubofemoral ligament do in the hip? how is it orientated and what does it attach to?

A

restrict abduction

anterior ligament

attaches to superior pubic rams, fibrous capsule and iliofemoral ligament

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21
Q

what does the ischiofemoral ligament do in hip? orientation and what does it attach to?

A

restricts medial rotation

posterior ligament

attached to adjacent to acetabular rim and spirals anteriorly to attach to the greater trochanter.

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22
Q

what part of the patella is non articular ?

A

apex (lower 1/5th) is non articular

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23
Q

base of patella has what orientation?

A

slopes anteroinferiorly

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24
Q

what does the patella surface have?

A

small foraminae and stria

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25
Q

patella has what ossification centres?

A

only primary

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26
Q

patellofemoral articulation allows for what

A

the pull of quad muscle to be directed anteriorly over the knee to the tibia without tendon wear

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27
Q

what ligaments in the knee prevent side to side movement?

A

medial and lateral collateral ligaments

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28
Q

what makes up the knee joint complex 9

A

articular surface
fibrous capsule and thickenings
synovial membranes
patella ligament
collateral ligaments
menisci
meniscofemoral ligaments
cruciate ligaments
bursae

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29
Q

extracapsular structures of the knee

A

lateral and medial patellar retinaculum
fibrous capsule
arcuate popliteal ligament
oblique popliteal ligament
patella ligament

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30
Q

bursae of the knee 4

A

anterior:
suprapatella bursa (intracapsualar)
prepatella bursa (extracapsular)
superficial infrapatella bursa
deep infrapatella bursa

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31
Q

which ligament is the weakest in the knee?

A

ACL

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32
Q

movements of the knee 4

A

flexion, extension , medial rotation, lateral rotation

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33
Q

intracapsular ligaments of the knee

A

posterior cruciate ligament
anterior “
posterior meniscofemoral lig
anterior “

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34
Q

extra capsular ligs in knee

A

patella lig, medial collateral lig, lateral “, transverse ligament ?

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35
Q

features of the tibia proximal end 5

A

tibial condyles
medial tibial condyle
lateral tibial condyle
intercondylar eminence and tubercles
tibial tuberosity

36
Q

appearance of the superior medial condylar surface of tibia

A

slightly concaved and oval shaped (covered with hyaline cartilage)

37
Q

appearance fo the superior lateral condylar surface

A

slightly concaved, smaller and more circular than medial condylar surface and covered with hyaline cartilage

38
Q

neck of the tibia consists of what?

A

superior smooth region and an inferior roughened region

39
Q

what does the fibrous capsule attach to in the hip joint

A

intertrochnteric line
margins of the acetabulum
posterior aspect of the femoral neck

40
Q

head of femur ligament attaches where and is made up of what

A

margins of the acetabular notch
consists as medial and lateral bands

41
Q

articular surfaces in the hip joint are 2

A

lunate surface
head of femur

42
Q

what is articular cartilage q

A

provide a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads with a low frictional coefficient

43
Q

patella has 2 posterior facets and it mat be what

A

bipartite or tripartite

44
Q

when does the patella ossify?

A

3-6years

45
Q

surfaces/border of shaft of tibia

A

anterior border, posterior surface, medial surface, lateral border

46
Q

what muscle passes across the medial malleolar groove

A

tibialis posterior

47
Q

what attaches to the tibial tuberosity and where is it located/what is the area like?

A

provides attachment for the quadriceps femoris tendon

it is located on the anterior surface of the tibia and has a rough superior region and smooth inferior region

48
Q

where is the groove for the attachment of semimembranous located

A

medial tibial condyle

49
Q

soleal line is located

A

posterior surface of tibia

50
Q

surfaces for the tibia

A

posterior, medial, lateral 3

51
Q

borders for the tibia

A
52
Q

what are the borders for the tibia

A

anterior, medial, interosseous

53
Q

when does the tibia ossify all centres

A

by the 20th year

54
Q

the knee joint is what kind of joint?

A

saddle synovial joint

55
Q

the coronary ligament of the knee attaches to what

A

tibial condyles
lateral meniscus
medial meniscus

(deep part of fibrous capsule)

56
Q

the patella ligament attaches to what structure and part of what tendon? and is located anterior to what?

A

attaches to tibial tuberosity
part of the quad femoris tendon
and lies anterior to the infra patella fat pad

57
Q

the MCL attaches to what

A

medial meniscus and medial femoral epicondyle

58
Q

the LCL attaches to the ? and lies adjacent to?

A

had of the fibular and lies adjacent to the tendon f popilteus

59
Q

where does ACL attach?

A

immediately behind the anterior attachment of the medial meniscus, and the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle and lies anterolateral to the posterior cruciate ligament

60
Q

the lateral meniscus of the knee attaches to what bony structure and ligament

A

lateral tubercle of the tibial intercondylar eminence and may attach to two meniscofemoral ligaments

61
Q

is the acl or pcl wider

A

same length, pcl wider

62
Q

where do the meniscofemoral ligaments attach to

A

lateral side of the medial femoral condyle

63
Q

menisci are formed by

A

fibrocartilage

64
Q

the lcl is what like?

A

cord-like

65
Q

what tendon is partially intracapsular in the knee

A

tendon of popliteus

66
Q

what type of joint is the patellofemoral part of knee

A

saddle synovial joint

67
Q

movements of the knee joint

A

medial/lateral rotation
extension/flexion
gliding movement

68
Q

what bone is the fibula notch located

A

tibia

69
Q

what bony features does the fibula have

A

styloid process (head of fib, lateral/posterior)
malleolar groove
fossa

70
Q

borders of the fibular

A

anterior
interossesous
posterior

71
Q

what are the surfaces of the fibula

A

lateral medial posterior

72
Q

the malleolar fossa of the fib lies where and provides attachment for what

A

behind taller articular facet

attachment for posterior talofibular ligament

73
Q

what muscles pass across the lateral malleolar groove of fib

A

fibulas longs and brevis

74
Q

where do fibularis muscles attach ?

A

lateral surface of fibula

75
Q

where does the interosseous border attach on the fib

A

medial crest (posterior surface)

76
Q

when do centres fuse for the fibula

A

by 20years

77
Q

when do secondary ossification genres present in the fib

A

by the 5th year

78
Q

what surface Is the intertrochantric line and intertrochantric crest on?

A

line- anterior
crest- posterior

79
Q

what surface of the femur is the quadrate tubercle located and what attaches

A

posterior
quadrates femoris

80
Q

bony features on the posterior surface of the femur- shaft

A

linea aspera
gluteal tuberosity
spiral line
pectineal line

81
Q

what side is the patella surface on the femur more on?

A

lateral

82
Q

which condylar is more uniform?

A

medial femoral condylar

83
Q

what side is the adductor tubercle on?

A

medial

84
Q

what is the adductor tubercle for- attachment?

A

adductor magnus

85
Q

where Is the pit for gastrocnemius and groove for popliteus located and which is superior

A

lateral side of the distal femur

pit superior

86
Q

what bone is the soleal line on

A

tibia (superior part of shaft)

87
Q

where is the groove for semimembranosus located

A

posteromedial side of tibia condyle

LSB235- ANATOMY (13 decks)

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