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LSB235- ANATOMY > Wk1- bony pelvis and bone development > Flashcards

Wk1- bony pelvis and bone development Flashcards

1
Q

pelvic girdle is?

A

the two hip bones joined by symphysis pubis

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2
Q

what makes up the bony pelvis?

A

pelvic girdle, sacrum and their sacroiliac joints

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3
Q

features of ilium (body, ramps, crest, tubercle, tuberosity, notch, spine, line, ala, surface, fossa, formation of acetublum, formation of obturator foramen)

A

body- yes
ramus- no
crest- iliac
tubercle- iliac
tuberosity- iliac
notch- greater sciatic (most)
spine- yes iliac spines x4
line- yes, gluteal x3 and arcuate (4 total)
al- iliac
surface- yes, gluteal, sacropelvic, auricular
fossa- iliac
formation of acet- 2/5ths
form of ob- no

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4
Q

features of ischium (body, ramps, crest, tubercle, tuberosity, notch, spine, line, ala, surface, fossa, formation of acetublum, formation of obturator foramen)

A

body- yes
ramus- ischial
crest- no
tubercle- no
tuberosity- ischial
notch- lesser sciatic
spine- ischial spine
line- no
ala- no
surface- no
fossa- no
form of acet- 2/5ths
form of ob-yes

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5
Q

features of pubis (body, ramps, crest, tubercle, tuberosity, notch, spine, line, ala, surface, fossa, formation of acetublum, formation of obturator foramen)

A

body- yes
ramus- superior pubic, inferior pubic
crest- pubic
tubercle- pubic
tuberosity- pubic
notch- no
spine- no
line- pectineal
ala- no
surface- symphyeal
fossa- no
form of acet- 1/5th
form of ob- yes

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6
Q

orientation of the bony pelvis, how to know its in the correct anatomical position for viewing ? (2)

A
  1. symphyseal surface parallel o midsagitall plane
  2. pubic tubercle and Anterior Superior Iliac Spine in the same coronal plane
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7
Q

how to identify gluteal surface (2)

A
  1. iliac crest
  2. gluteal lines
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8
Q

iliac crest includes what features (3)

A

inner and outer lips,
intermediate area
iliac tubercle

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9
Q

iliac spines are located where?

A

ASIS and AIIS are located opposite to the greater sciatic notch
PSIS and PIIS are located on the same side as the greater sciatic notch

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10
Q

where do gluteal lines extend from and what names

A

the greater sciatic notch

posterior gluteal line
anterior
inferior

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11
Q

sacropelvic surface Is located next to what feature, can be viewed from what angle and makes what joint?

A

next to iliac fossa on the interval view (medial) and joins with the sacrum in the sacral part (upper)

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12
Q

features of the ischial tuberosity (3)

A

smooth superior portion, transverse ridge in the middle and rough inferior portion

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13
Q

secondary ossification centers of the hip bone are located where? 5

A

iliac crest
anterior inferior iliac spine
ischial tuberosity
triradiate cartilage
symphyseal surface

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14
Q

how to identify a male or female bony pelvis 5

A
  1. shape of pelvic inlet (v men, u female)
  2. subpubic angle.arch (<80 men, >90 female)
  3. shape pf greater sciatic notch (J male, L women)
  4. orientation of acetabulum (large/lateral male, smaller and anterior lateral female)
  5. curvature of sacrum (curve male, flat female)
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15
Q

ossification define

A

formation of bone tissue from either dense connective tissue or cartilaginous tissue

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16
Q

what are the types of ossification and where does it occur? 2

A
  1. intramembranous ossification occurs in connective tissue (typically the head and jaw)
  2. intracartilaginous/ endochondral ossification occurs in hyaline cartilage (all bones of the lower limb, pelvis predominantly)
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17
Q

examples of long, short and irregular bones that go through intracartilaginous ossification.

A

long- femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals and phalanges
short- tarsal and patella
irregular- hip bone and sacrum

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18
Q

in what direction does intracartilaginous ossification and intramembranous ossification in long bones occur?

A

intracartilaginous predominantly in longitudinal growth (length)
intramembranous ossification in periosteum/appositional growth (thickness-width)

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19
Q

where does longitudinal growth occur?

A

epiphyseal plate

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20
Q

where does appositional growth occur?

A

periosteum

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21
Q

what is a primary ossification centre

A

the area in bone tissue that develops within the diapysis/shaft of the bone model of cartilaginous tissue

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22
Q

what is a secondary ossification centre

A

the area of bone tissue that is located within each epiphysis of a developing bone

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23
Q

steps of developing a long bone 3

A
  1. primary ossification centre is formed before birth
  2. secondary ossification is formed after birth for all except femur and tibia (before)
  3. fusion of centres over years
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24
Q

when do primary ossification occur in long bones

A

before brith

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25
Q

example of 1, 2, multiple secondary centres in long bones

A

one- metatarsals, phalanges
two- tibia, fibula
multiple- femur (4)

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26
Q

seoncdary ossification centres form when in long bones?

A

after birth for most long bones
before in femur and tibia

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27
Q

where specifically do secondary ossification centres form in the femur proximal end?

A

greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
and head of femur.

28
Q

which kind of ossification centres in short bones?

A

predominantly primary ossification
secondary centre develops in calcaneus

29
Q

timing of ossification centres of short bones

A

some primary ossification before birth
some after brith

and some secondary ossification after birth

30
Q

what type of ossification centres in irregular bones

A

predominantly primary oss
multiple secondary ossification centres
growth via the epiphyseal plate and periosteum (both long and width)

31
Q

timing of ossification centres of irregular bones

A

primary oss centre before brith
secondary after birth

32
Q

general features of the sacrum (5)

A

apex/base
pelvic/anterior surface
dorsal/posterior surface
lateral surfaces
sacral canal and sacral hiatus

33
Q

acetubulm features

A
34
Q

what are the three foraminae in the sacrum for?

A

nerves to go through

35
Q

how many fused vertebrae in the sacrum?

A

5

36
Q

joints in the sacrum (3)

A

lumbosacral joint
sacroccygeal joint
sacroiliac joint

37
Q

differences in sacrum between men and women 2

A
  1. primary curvature is uniform in men, flat in women
  2. auricular surface is longer in men S1, 2, 3 and shorter in women 1, 2
38
Q

what major parts of hip bone contribute to the formation of the obturator foramen

A

ischium and pubis

39
Q

what structure in the acetabulum is covered by articular cartilage?

A

lunate surface

40
Q

what parts of the hip bone contribute to the formation of the great sciatic notch?

A

mostly ilium and ischium

41
Q

what structure contributes to the sacroiliac joint formation?

A

auricular surfaces of sacrum and ilium

42
Q

the lesser sciatic notch is a structure of what part of the hip bone?

A

ischium

43
Q

acetabulum features 5

A

lunate surface-articular surface
acetabular fossa
acetabular rim- external margin, provides attachment for acetabulum labrum
acetabular notch

44
Q

features on the pelvic surface / internal surface of hip bone 14

A
  1. iliac fossa
  2. auricular surface
  3. iliac tuberosity
  4. Arcuate line
  5. Anterior superior iliac spine
  6. Anterior inferior iliac spine
  7. Greater sciatic notch
  8. lesser sciatic notch
  9. Ischial spine
  10. Obturator foramen
  11. Iliac crest
  12. Posterior inferior iliac spine
  13. posterior superior iliac spine
  14. iliopubic eminence (below arcuate line)
45
Q

features on the lateral/external surface of hip bone 14+

A
  1. posterior gluteal line
  2. Anterior gluteal line
  3. inferior gluteal line
  4. iliac tubercle on outer lip
  5. Acetabulum
  6. acetabulum lunate surface (articular smooth horseshoe)
  7. acetabuluar fossa
  8. acetabular notch
  9. ischial tuberosity
    10.conjoint ramus/ischiopubic ramus
  10. iliac crest
  11. obturator crest
  12. pectineal surface
  13. pectineal line
    + other structures visible from internal view
46
Q

sacral surfaces are?

A

anterior and dorsal

47
Q

features of the dorsal surface of sacrum 11

A
  1. median sacral crest
  2. intermediate sacral crest
  3. lateral sacral crest
  4. dorsal sacral foramina
  5. sacral hiatus
  6. sacral horn
  7. sacral canal
  8. sacral tuberosity
  9. coccyx
  10. superior articular process
  11. auricular surface of sacrum
48
Q

features of anterior surface of sacrum 4

A
  1. transverse ridges
  2. anterior foramina
  3. promontory of sacrum
  4. ala/wing
49
Q

where do the gluteal lines radiate from?

A

greater sciatic notch

50
Q

which gluteal line is poorly defined?

A

inferior gluteal line

51
Q

where does the inguinal ligament attach to ?

A

from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and is formed by the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

52
Q

the ilium is demarcated from which other bone in the hip by a bony marking?

A

the pubis

53
Q

a complete notch located on what part of the hip bone?

A

ischium

54
Q

what type of ossification does the ischium predominatenlty form from?

A

secondary

55
Q

where to hamstrings attach?

A

ischial tuberosity

56
Q

the sacrospinous ligament extends from the sacrum to the

A

ischial spine

57
Q

obturator crest, obturator groove, symphyseal surface and pectineal line are all found where

A

pubis

58
Q

the pubis develops predominantly form?

A

primary ossification

59
Q

the pubis and ischium form what of the acetabulum

A

1/5th of the wall

60
Q

is the pubis and ischium demarcated by a bony marking?

A

yes

61
Q

what makes up the conjoint rams?

A

fusion of inferior pubis rams and the ischial rams

62
Q

where is synchondrosis lovated

A

conjoint ramus

63
Q

the pectineal surface extend from pubic tubercle to the iliopubic eminence y/n

A

yes

64
Q

what makes up the acetabulum

A

pubis 1/5
ischium 2/5
ilium 2/5

65
Q

what bounds the obturator foramen inferiorly and medially

A

conjoint ramus
body of the pubis

66
Q

where does the ischial tuberosity extend?

A

onto the ischial ramus

LSB235- ANATOMY (13 decks)

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