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Mammalian Cell & Tissue Structure(Y2,S1) > Wk 7: GI Tract > Flashcards

Wk 7: GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are part of the alimentary canal (GIT) (6)

A
  1. Oral cavity
  2. Pharynx
  3. Oesophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small intestine
  6. Large intestine
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2
Q

Structure of the tongue (accessory organ)

A

Skeletal muscle covered with a layer of stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

What are the projections of the tongue epithelium called & how many types are there

A

Papillae
4 types

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of papillae

A
  1. Filiform (no taste buds)
  2. Fungiform
  3. Circumvallate
  4. Foliate papillae
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5
Q

What are the 4 layers that most regions of the alimentary canal contain

A
  1. Mucosa - inner epithelium
  2. Submucosa - layer of CT
  3. Muscularis externa - layer of SM
  4. Serosa - outer layer of CT
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6
Q

What are the 3 components of the mucosa layer

A
  1. Epithelium - faces lumen
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Muscularis mucosae
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7
Q

What is the epithelium of the mucosa composed of - epithelial type & cells

A
  • Simple columnar epithelium from stomach to large intestine
  • Goblet cells
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8
Q

What is the lamina propria of the mucosa composed of - muscle type & others

A
  • Thin layer CT
  • Blood
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Glands
  • MALT
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9
Q

What is the muscularis mucosae of the mucosa composed of - muscle type

A
  • 2 thin layers of SM arranged in different directions
  • Inner layer is circular
  • Outer layer is longitudinal
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10
Q

Composition of the submucosa of the alimentary canal

A
  • Dense irregular CT
  • Blood, lymphatic vessels & submucosal glands
  • Nerve clusters of enteric nervous system (branch of nervous system that governs GIT)
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11
Q

What are the nerve clusters of enteric nervous system calles

A

Submucosal plexus/ Meissner’s plexus

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12
Q

Function of submucosal plexus

A

Each plexus regulates secretion from & blood flow to area of AC

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13
Q

Composition of the muscularis externa of the alimentary canal

A
  • Compose of 2 SM layer
  • Inner circular & outer longitudinal layer
  • Groups of nerves of enteric NS regulate motility
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14
Q

What are the nerve clusters of enteric NS found in the muscularis externa called

A

Myenteric plexus/Auerbach’s plexus

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15
Q

Serosa composition - epithelium & muscle

A
  • Simple squamous epithelial tissue
  • Loose CT
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16
Q

Function of serosa

A

Support & anchor digestive organs

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17
Q

Oesophagus function

A

To transport bolus from pharynx to stomach

18
Q

Components of the mucosa in the oesophagus

A
  • Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium
  • Mucous glands
19
Q

Components of the submucosa of the oesophagus

A
  • Mucous glands
  • Elastic fibres
20
Q

Components of the muscularis externa of the oesophagus

A
  • 2 layers of muscle (skeletal & smooth)
21
Q

What happens histologically at the esophagus-stomach junction (gastro-oesophageal junction)

A

Epithelium changes from stratified squamous epithelium in oesophagus to simple columnar epithelium of stomach

22
Q

What are rugae

A

Folds in the stomach so stomach can expand when food is consumed

23
Q

What is the sphincter entering the stomach & what is the sphincter exiting the stomach

A
  • The sphincter entering the stomach is the gastroesophageal sphincter
  • The sphincter exiting the stomach is the pyloric sphincter
24
Q

Whag does the mucosa of the stomach contain (2)

A
  1. gastric pits (columnar cells, goblet cells)
  2. gastric glands
25
Q

the 4 main types of cells in the gastric glands

A
  1. Enteroendocrine cells
  2. Chief cells
  3. Parietal cells
  4. Mucous neck cells
26
Q

Functions of the SI

A
  • Secretion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Propulsion
27
Q

The 3 divisions of the small intestine

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jujunum
  3. Ileum
28
Q

What cells line the SI & produce digestive enzymes

A

Enterocytes

29
Q

What lymphoid tissue can be found in the SI (small intestine)

A

Peyer’s patches

30
Q

What are the 3 types of folding in the SI & where are they found

A
  1. Circular folds - mucosa & submucosa
  2. Villi (mucosa) & Intestinal crypts
  3. Microvilli
31
Q

What kind of epithelium are villi & crypts lined with

A

Simple columnar epithelium

32
Q

Functions of the folds in the SI

A
  • Slow down movement of chyme - increases time for nutrient absorption
  • Increase surface area for absorption
33
Q

What are the cells in the SI (6)

A
  1. Enterocytes
  2. Goblet cells
  3. Paneth cells
  4. Neuroendocrine cells
  5. Stem cells
  6. Intraepithelial lymphocytes
34
Q

Function of enterocytes

A

Intestinal absorptive cells

35
Q

Function of goblet cells

A

Secrete mucous that protects lining of SI

36
Q

Function of paneth cells

A
  • Located in intestinal crypts
  • Secrete abundance of antimicrobial peptides that regulate composition of microbiota
37
Q

FUnction of neuroendocrine cells

A

Neuro immune function

38
Q

Function of stem cells

A

Restore the cells that need replacing over time

39
Q

What are the 4 regions of the large intestine

A
  1. Caecum
  2. Colon
  3. Rectum
  4. Anus
40
Q

Function of the caecum

A

Absorption of water & salts

41
Q

Composition of colon

A
  • Simple columnar epithelium
  • Goblet cells

Mammalian Cell & Tissue Structure(Y2,S1) (10 decks)

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