Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mammalian Cell & Tissue Structure(Y2,S1) > Wk 2: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Wk 2: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

4 Functions of CT

A
  1. Structural support
  2. Medium for exchange of nutrients & waste products
  3. Defence, protection & repair of the body
  4. Fat storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Extracellular Matrix

A
  1. Provides tissue w strength to resist tensile & compressive forces
  2. Directs cells to proper positions within tissue & holds cells in place
  3. Regulates development, mitotic activity & survival of cells in a tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Composition of ECM

A
  • Ground substance
  • Protein fibres
    (gel like ground substance w fibres embedded throughout)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ground substance of ECM is made up of what 3 families of macromolecules

A
  1. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
  2. Proteoglycans
  3. Cell adhesive glycoproteins (CAGs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

A

Polysaccharides, made of sugars including glycosamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of proteoglycans in ground substance of ECM

A
  • Bind to a long GAG forming proteoglycan aggregates.
  • These make ECM firmer, more solid, resistant to compression.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of Cell Adhesive Glycoproteins (CAGs)

A
  • Holds everything in place - adhere cell to cell and cells to surroundings
  • Maintain normal tissue architecture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of collagen in CT

A

Provides tensile strength & elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Type 1 collagen

A
  • Main structural collagen
  • Fibrous supporting tissue
  • Skin (dermis), tendons, ligaments & bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Type 2 collagen

A
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Consists of fibrils in the cartilage ground substance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Type 3 Collagen

A
  • Liver, bone marrow & lymphoid organs
  • Forms reticular supporting mesh work, prominent in liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Type 4 collagen

A
  • Constituent of basement membranes
  • Network mesh forming collagen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Type 7 collagen

A
  • Anchoring fibrils
  • These link ECM to basement membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can be seen in histological analysis of collagen

A

Characteristic cross banding (due to polymerisation of the tropocollagen monomer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the elasticity of a tissue due to

A

Due to the presence of elastic fibres in the ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the precursor monomer of elastin and what synthesises it

A
  • The precursor monomer of elastin is tropoelastin
  • Tropoelastin is synthesised by fibroblasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is tropoelastin polymerised by

A

Lysyl oxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where in the body is elastin found (4)

A
  1. Lung
  2. Skin
  3. Urinary bladder
  4. Blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is CT derived from (what precursor cells)

A

Mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5 fixed cells in CT

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Myofibroblasts
  3. Adipose cells
  4. Mast cells
  5. Macrophages
21
Q

What are fixed cells

A

Cells that develop & remain in the CT where they carry out their function

22
Q

7 transient cells in CT (& what are transient cells)

A
  1. Plasma cells
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Neutrophils
  4. Eosinophils
  5. Basophils
  6. Monocytes
  7. Macrophages
    * Transient cells originate in the bone marrow, circulate in the bloodstream and migrate into CT to perform function when given the signal
23
Q

Funtion of active fibroblasts (3)

A
  • Specialise in tissue repair
  • Support wound healing
  • Create new ECM
24
Q

Function (1) of inactive fibroblasts

A
  1. Maintain structural integrity - synthesise ECM
25
Q

Appearance of unilocular (white) adipocyte

A
  • Large spherical cells
  • Contain a single large lipid droplet that pushes the cytoplasm to the edge of the cell
  • More abundant
26
Q

Appearance of multilocular (brown) adipocytes

A
  • Smaller & more polygonal
  • Less abundant
  • Contain several small lipid droplets
27
Q

2 subdivisions of macrophages

A
  1. Phagocytes
  2. Antigen presenting cells
28
Q

Function of macrophages

A
  • Remove cellular debris
  • Protect against foreign invaders
29
Q

the 2 primary mediators in mast cells & their functions

A
  • Histamine & heparin released by mast cells
  • Function in the initiation of the inflammatory response
30
Q

What is mast cell activation induced by

A

Foreign antigens - pollen, certain drugs

31
Q

How is the inflammatory response initiated - detailed

A

First exposure to foreign antigen
* IgE antibody formation
* IgE antibodies bind to Fc receptors on mast cells, sensitising the mast cells
Subsequent exposure:
* Antigen binds to IgE
* Release of primary mediators from granules of mast cells
* Inflammatory response initiated

32
Q

What are plasma cells derived from

A

B lymphocytes

33
Q

Function of plasma cells

A
  • Part of adaptive immune system
  • Produce antibodies for specific antigens
    (found in greatest numbers in areas of chronic inflammation & in areas where foreign substances or m/os have entered tissues)
34
Q

What is loose (areolar) CT made of - cells & other substance

A
  • Mainly ground substance
  • Houses fibroblasts, adipocytes, immune cells
  • Contains the 3 types of protein fibres - collagen, elastin, reticular
  • Extensive blood supply
35
Q

Where is loose (areolar) CT found

A
  • it surrounds blood vessels, nerves, muscles, organs
  • Separates skin from deeper structures
36
Q

What is dense irregular CT made of

A
  • Predominantly disorganised collagen bundles
  • More fibres & fewer cells than loose CT
37
Q

Function of dense irregular CT

A
  • Strong
  • Resists tension in movement
38
Q

Where is dense irregular CT found (3)

A

High tension areas:
* Dermis of skin
* Surrounding organs & joints
* Sheaths of nerves

39
Q

What is dense regular collagenous made of

A
  • Predominantly organised into parallel collagen bundles
  • Fibroblasts between collagen bundles
40
Q

Where is dense regular collagenous CT found

A
  • Constitutes tendons & ligaments that are subject to tension
41
Q

What is dense regular elastic connective tissue made of

A
  • Composed of parallel elastic fibres
  • Randomly oriented collagen fibres
  • Few fibroblasts scattered throughout
42
Q

Where is dense regular elastic CT found (2)

A

In walls of organs that must stretch to perform function - large blood vessels & certain ligaments

43
Q

WHat is reticular CT composed of

A

Reticular fibres produced by fibroblasts

44
Q

What does reticular CT form & hence what can it support

A
  • A fine network
  • That can support small structures - blood & lymphatic vessels
45
Q

Where can reticular CT be found

A
  • Lymph nodes
  • Spleen
    (forms weblike nets trapping old & foreign cells)
  • Part of basement membrane that supports all epithelia
46
Q

What is adipose CT made of

A
  • Adipocytes
  • Surrounding fibroblasts
  • ECM
47
Q

Function of adipose CT (4)

A
  • Fat storage
  • Insulation
  • Shock absorption
  • Protection
48
Q

Where is adipose CT found

A
  • Buttocks
  • Breast
  • Abdomen

Mammalian Cell & Tissue Structure(Y2,S1) (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions