Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mammalian Cell & Tissue Structure(Y2,S1) > Wk 6: Lymphatic & Immune System > Flashcards

Wk 6: Lymphatic & Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the immune system contain

A
  • no organs or tissues
  • Consists of cells & proteins located in blood & tissue of systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of

A
  • Group of organs & tissues
  • Lymphatic vessels - blind ended tubes
  • Lymphatic tissues & organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system

A

Drains body fluid & returns it to the bloodstream (blood vessels are leaky, fluid in interstitial space)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is lymph

A

Interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s it called when the lymphatic system is blocked & there is accumulation of interstitial fluid

A

Lymphedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Through what vessels does the lymph travel through to circulation

A
  • Lymphatic capillaries
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Lymphatic ducts
  • Circulatory system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are lymphatic capillaries composed of

A

One cell thick layer of endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the lymphatic capillaries called in the GI system

A

Lacteals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of lacteals in the GI system

A

Transport dietary lipids & lipid soluble vitamins to bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What parts of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain

A
  1. Right side of head
  2. Thorax
  3. Right upper limb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What parts of body does the thoracic duct drain

A

The rest of the body (left upper limb, both lower limbs etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WHere do immune cells arise from & from what precursor cells

A
  • Arise in the bone marrow
  • Arise from hematopoietic stem cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of phagocytic cells

A

Ingest pathogens to destroy them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of lymphocytes

A

For adaptive immunity (slower than innate immunity, but more specific)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of cells with cytoplasmic granules

A

Immune responses against parasites & viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 types of lymphocytes

A
  1. B cells
  2. T cells
  3. NK cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do B cells do (2)

A
  • Express B cell receptors that bind antigens on pathogens to kill them
  • Differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Functions of T cells

A
  • Secrete soluble factors:
    1. Communicate with other immune cells
    2. Or destroy cells infected with pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of NK cells

A
  • Contain cytotoxic granules in cytoplasm to defend against viruses & certain cancers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 primary lymphoid organs

A
  1. Bone marrow
  2. Thymus gland
21
Q

What are the 3 secondary lymphoid organs

A
  1. Lymph node
  2. Spleen
  3. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
22
Q

Where do T cells mature

A

Thymus gland

23
Q

what are the 2 lobes of the thymus gland called

A
  • Thymic lobules (corpuscles)
24
Q

The 2 regions of the thymic lobules

A
  1. Outer cortex - immature T cells (thymocytes)
  2. Inner medulla - less packed w cells = lighter colour in histological stain
25
Q

What are lymph nodes

A

Clusters of lymphatic tissue

26
Q

Where are lymph nodes located

A

Along lymphatic vessels

27
Q

What kind of capsule do lymph nodes have

A

External connective tissue capsule

28
Q

What happens to lymph as it travels through the lymph nodes

A
  • Lymph flows in through afferent lymphatic vessels
  • Pathogens are trapped in reticular network
  • Pathogens eliminated by leukocytes & dendritic cells
  • Clean lymph drains out through efferent lymphatic vessels at hilum
29
Q

Whats in the germinal centres of lymph nodes & what do these do

A
  • Germinal centres contain dividing B cells surrounded by B cells
  • Any pathogens in the lymph as it passes through the nodes will pass through germinal centres & will be monitored by immune cells
30
Q

Function of MALT

A

Protect mucous membranes exposed to large numbers of pathogens

31
Q

The 3 types(?) of MALT

A
  1. Tonsils
  2. Peyers patches
  3. Appendix
32
Q

what are peyers patches

A

Aggregated lymphoid nodules in the ileum

33
Q

What are the 3 main tonsils

A
  1. Pharyngeal
  2. Palatine
  3. Lingual
34
Q

What are the epithelium lining indents in tonsils & what is the function of these

A
  • Tonsillar crypts
  • Traps bacteria & debris - pathogens will be exposed to germinal centres (containing B & T cells) - immune response
35
Q

Function of M cells

A
  • Specialised endothelial cells that sample material from intestinal lumen, transport the material to peyers patches & amount an adaptive immune response
36
Q

6 parts of the non specific immune system

A
  1. Physical barriers
  2. Phagocytes
  3. NK cells
  4. Interferons
  5. Complement
  6. Inflammation
37
Q

What are interferons

A

Chemicals released by lymphocytes, macrophages & viral infected cells

38
Q

Function of interferons

A
  • Cells infected w viruses secrete interferons which travel to adjacent cells & induce them to make antiviral proteins
  • Defend against viral infection
39
Q

What does the complement system do

A

Binds pathogen membrane, activates it & labels it for phagocytosis

40
Q

Explain the inflammatory response

A
  1. Pathogen enters tissue
  2. There is tissue damage
  3. MAst cells release histamine
  4. Histamine causes: increased blood flow, dilation of blood vessels & increased vessel permeability
  5. All of the above lead to attraction of phagocytes, complement & clotting factors
  6. This leads to release of cytokines
  7. Pathogen removal
  8. Tissue repair
41
Q

What does binding of an antigen to a B cell induce the cell to do

A

Differentiate into plasma & memory cells

42
Q

What do plasma cells do in antigen mediated immunity

A

Produce antibodies which help eliminate invading pathogens

43
Q

What do memory cells do in antigen mediated immunity

A

Deal with subsequent exposure to same antigen

44
Q

How does an APC present an antigen

A
  • Antigen presented to T cell by antigen presenting cell via its major histocompatability complex (MHC)
  • Pathogen phagocytosed & placed in vesicle
  • Pathogen digested & antigen extracted
  • Antigens bind w MHC proteins that enter vesicle
  • Released from vesicle to outer surface of cell membrane
45
Q

What markers do activated T cells express in cell mediated immunity

A
  • CD4
  • CD8 markers
46
Q

What do the CD4&8 markers do in cell mediated immunity

A

They keep the T cell in close contact w APC

47
Q

WHat cells are activated by CD4 & CD8 bearing T cells

A

Helper T cells & Cytotoxic cells

48
Q

Function of cytotoxic T cells in cell mediated immunity

A

Induce apoptosis of infected cells

Mammalian Cell & Tissue Structure(Y2,S1) (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions