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Mammalian Cell & Tissue Structure(Y2,S1) > Wk 3: Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Wk 3: Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is nervous tissue

A

The main tissue component of the nervous system

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2
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue

A

Neural communication within the body via neurons

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3
Q

What is the CNS composed of

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
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4
Q

Where is the CT in the CNS

A
  • Meninges
  • Walls of large blood vessels
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5
Q

What is the PNS comprised of

A
  • Branching peripheral cranial & spinal nerves
  • Relay centres (ganglia)
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6
Q

What can the PNS be subdivided into

A
  • Somatic nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
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7
Q

Function of somatic nervous system

A
  • Controls voluntary functions
  • Transmits signals from brain to end organs
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8
Q

Function of autonomic nervous system

A
  • Controls involuntary functions - heart rate, blood pressure
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9
Q

What do neurons do

A

Receive & transmit impulses

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10
Q

What do neuroglia do

A
  • Support, protect & assisst neurons in neural transmission
  • (dont receive or transmit impulses)
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11
Q

Where does the impulse in sensory neurons originate

A

In sensory receptors

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12
Q

How are the impulses in sensory neurons conducted

A

Conducted via sensory (afferent) neurons to the CNS

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13
Q

Where do motor neurons originate

A

In the CNS

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14
Q

How are the impulses in the motor neurons conducted

A

They are conducted via motor (efferent) neurons from CNS to the PNS, muscle tissue or glands

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15
Q

Interneurons function

A

Forms connections between neurons in the CNS

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16
Q

What is the axon hillock of the cell body

A

The region where the axon arises

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17
Q

What does the cell body contain

A
  • Nucleus
  • Perinuclear cytoplasm
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18
Q

What 2 types of processes extend from cell body / soma

A
  1. Single axon
  2. One or more dendrites
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19
Q

Function of the cell body

A

Receives signals from other cells & sends them towards the axon

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20
Q

What does the branching of dendrites result in

A

Synaptic terminals

21
Q

What do dendrites function as

A

The major sites of information input into the neuron

22
Q

What is the portion of axon that stretches from the origin at the axon hillock to the beginning of the mtelin sheath

A

Initial segment

23
Q

What are the swellings on the ends of the axon branches called. What do these form??

A
  • Terminal boutons
  • These form synapses
24
Q

What does an axon being myelinated mean

A

It has a myelin sheath

25
Q

What does the grey matter of the CNS & PNS contain (2)

A
  1. Cell bodies
  2. Dendrites
26
Q

What does the white matter of the CNS & PNS contain

A

Axons

27
Q

Structure of bipolar neurons

A
  • Single dendrite
  • Single axon
28
Q

Structure of unipolar neurons

A

One process which branches into central & peripheral branch

29
Q

Structure of multipolar neurons

A
  • Multiple dendrites
  • Single axon
30
Q

How does a chemical synapse work

A
  • Presynaptic membrane releases neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft
  • Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft to gated ion channel receptors (located on postsynaptic membrane)
  • Binding results in ion channels opening, allowing passage of ions - reverses membrane potential
31
Q

What is the synaptic cleft

A

A gap separating the presynaptic & postsynaptic membranes

32
Q

What are neurotransmitters decomposed by in the synaptic cleft

A

Enzymes

33
Q

4 functions of neuroglia

A
  1. Monitoring synapses
  2. Regulating flow of CSF
  3. Scavenging neurotransmitters
  4. Releasing gliotransmitter - such as glutamate
34
Q

Which 4 neuroglia are of the CNS

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
35
Q

What neuroglia is of the PNS

A

Schwann cells

36
Q

Function of astrocytes

A

Provide structural & metabolic support ot neurons

37
Q

Function of fibrous astrocytes

A

Maintains blood brain barrier

38
Q

2 functions of oligodendrocytes

A
  1. Electrical insulation
  2. Myelin production in the CNS
39
Q

Where are oligodendrocytes located

A

Grey & white matter of CNS

40
Q

Function of interfascicular oligodendrocytes

A

Manufacture & maintain myelin on axons of CNS

41
Q

Function of microglial cells

A

Function as phagocytes: clear debris in CNS, protect nervous systme from viruses, m/os & tumour formation.

42
Q

What happens when microglial cells are activated

A
  • When activated by pathogens, they secrete interferon gamma which causes other microglia to be activated.
  • Release signalling molecules to recruit T lymphocytes
43
Q

Function of ependymal cells

A

Facilitates movement of CSF

44
Q

What kind of epithelial cells are ependymal cells

A

Low columnar epithelial cells

45
Q

Where are ependymal cells found

A

Lining the ventricles of the brain & central canal of the spinal cord

46
Q

Function of schwann cells

A

Form both myelinated & unmyelinated coverings over axons in PNS

47
Q

what are peripheral nerves

A

Bundles of nerve fibres (fascicles)
Located outside the CNS

48
Q

What are the 3 layers of peripheral nerves

A
  1. Epineurium - outermost layer
  2. Perineurium
  3. Endoneurium - innermost layer

Mammalian Cell & Tissue Structure(Y2,S1) (10 decks)

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