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Mammalian Cell & Tissue Structure(Y2,S1) > Wk 5: Integumentary (Skin) > Flashcards

Wk 5: Integumentary (Skin) Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of epithelia in skin

A

Skin consists of stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

Metaplasia

A

The transformation of an epithelium into another type of epithelium

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3
Q

Dysplasia

A

The enlargement of a tissue by proliferations of cells of an abnormal nature

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4
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Malignant tumour formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissues

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5
Q

5 functions of skin

A
  1. Protection
  2. Thermoregulation
  3. Sensation
  4. Secretion/excretion
  5. Synthesis of Vit D
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6
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin

A
  1. Epidermis - outer
  2. Dermis - middle
  3. Hypodermis - inner (subcutaneous layer)
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7
Q

What is the primary structure of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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8
Q

What is the primary structure of the dermis (2)

A
  1. Connective tissue
  2. Dermal capillaries
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9
Q

What is the primary structure of hypodermis (2)

A
  1. Loose connective tissue
  2. Adipose tissue
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10
Q

What other cells are found in the epidermis

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Merkel cells
  • Langerhans
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11
Q

3 functions of epidermis

A
  1. Maintenance of fluid & electrolyte balance
  2. Protection from UV light (mediated through melanocytes)
  3. Sensory (Merkel cells) & immune function (Langerhan cells)
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12
Q

What are the 4 layers of epidermis

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum granulosum
  3. Stratum spinosum
  4. Stratum basale
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13
Q

What is the thickest layer of the epidermis

A

The stratum corneum

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14
Q

What does the stratum corneum contain

A
  • Dead cells called corneocytes
  • Keratin
    (Corneocytes dead in the sense that they have no nucleas but do contain large amounts of keratin, corneocytes are the final stage of differentiation of keratinocytes)
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15
Q

What do the granules in the stratum granulosum contain & for what purpose

A

Granules contain glycolipids.
For waterproofing.

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16
Q

What are the keratinocytes linked by in the stratum spinosum

A

Desmosomes

17
Q

What do cells in the stratum spinosum contain

A

Cells contain bundles of prekeratin

18
Q

What does the stratum basale consist of

A
  • Stem cells
  • Younger keratinocytes
19
Q

There is a 5th layer of the epidermis found only in thick skin, what is this called

A

Stratum lucidum

20
Q

Where are melanocytes found in the epidermis & what is their function

A
  • Found in the stratum basale
  • They scavenge free radicals to protect against UV (damage to nucleus = uncontrolled proliferation
21
Q

Where are merkel cells found in the epidermis & what is their function

A
  • Found in the stratum basale
  • Function as sensory receptors for touch
22
Q

Where are langerhans cells found in the epidermis & what is their function

A
  • Mainly found in the stratum spinosum
  • Function as a type of macrophage - engulf pathogens, become antigen presenting cells, release signalling molecules that attract cells of immune system to area of invading pathogen
23
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma derived from

A

Derived from basal keratinocytes

24
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma derived from

A

Derived from mature differentiated keratinocytes

25
Q

What is malignant melanoma derived from

A

Derived from melanocytes - uncontrolled proliferation

26
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis

A
  1. Papillary dermis
  2. Reticular dermis
27
Q

What does the papillary dermis contain & what is the function of these

A
  • Includes the dermal papilla which project into the epidermis
  • These increase contact area preventing epidermal detachment
28
Q

Components of the dermis

A
  • Connective tissue
  • With fibroblasts
  • Macrophages
  • In a collagen & elastin matrix
  • Large numbers of capillaries, nerve endings & lymphatics
29
Q

What are the specialised structures found in the dermis

A
  1. Sweat glands
  2. Apocrine glands
  3. Sebaceous glands
  4. Hair follicles
30
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands

A
  1. Eccrine glands
  2. Apocrine glands
31
Q

Where are eccrine glands found

A

Almost everywhere

32
Q

Where are apocrine glands found

A

Mainly in axilla & anogenital area

33
Q

What’s the difference between eccrine & apocrine glands

A
  • Secretions in apocrine glands contain more fat & protein than eccrine glands - bacterial breakdown of this is the basis of body odour
  • Secreted onto hair follicles, not skin
34
Q

What do sebaceous glands secrete

A

Oily substance called sebum

35
Q

What are sebaceous glands activated by

A

Androgens

36
Q

Functions of the hypodermis

A
  1. Connects skin to underlying fascia of bones & muscles
  2. Insulator
  3. Shock absorber
  4. Protection
37
Q

Structure of hypodermis

A
  • Well vascularised, loose, areolar connective tissue & adipose tissue

Mammalian Cell & Tissue Structure(Y2,S1) (10 decks)

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