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Mammalian Cell & Tissue Structure(Y2,S1) > Wk 4: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Wk 4: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process by which cells produce energy by metabolism of organic molecules

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2
Q

Mechanical respiration

A

Process by which O2 (required for cellular respiration) is absorbed from the atmosphere into the vascular system & CO2 is excreted into the atmosphere

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3
Q

Steps of Mechanical Resp

A
  • Air drawn in via inhalation
  • Air cleaned w removal of particular matter
  • Air warmed so that temp = that of body
  • Air moistened
  • In lung tissue, O2 extracted from air & transferred to bloodstream where it binds to haemoglobin & transported in systemic arterial circulation
  • At the same time, CO2 (byproduct of cellular metabolic activity) is transfered from blood to air
  • After gaseous exchange, air returned to atmosphere via exhalation
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4
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration

A
  • Diaphragm contracts (moves down)
  • Increases thoracic cavity volume - draws in air
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5
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during expiration

A
  • Diaphragm relaxes (moves up)
  • Elastic tissue within lungs cause lungs to collapse - expels air
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6
Q

Functions of conducting zone (2)

A
  1. Gaseous transport
  2. Filters, humidifies & warms air
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7
Q

Function of respiratory zone (1)

A
  1. Site of gaseous exchange between atmosphere & blood
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8
Q

Functions of upper respiratory system

A
  1. Flitration
  2. Humidification
  3. Temp regulation
  4. Olfaction - sense of smell
  5. Gives resonance to speech & lightens the skull
  6. Equilibriation of air pressure in middle ear
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9
Q

What kind of epithelium is respiratory epithelium made of

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium containing goblet cells

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10
Q

What layer underlies the respiratory epithelium & whats it made of

A
  • Lamina Propria
  • Loose collagenous layer underlying resp epithelium
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11
Q

What makes up the respiratory mucosa

A
  1. Respiratory epithelium
  2. Lamina propria
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12
Q

Function of the respiratory mucosa in the nasal cavity (2)

A
  • Adjusts temperature & humidity of inspired air
  • Filtration
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13
Q

What do goblet cells secrete

A

Mucous

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14
Q

Structure of trachea

A
  • C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage support tracheal mucosa
  • Bands of smooth muscle called trachealis muscle join the free ends of the rings of hyaline cartilage
  • Longitudinal muscle is found behind the trachealis muscle
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15
Q

5 types of cells in the respiratory epithelium of the trachea

A
  1. tall pseudostratified columnar cells w cilia
  2. goblet cells
  3. serous cells
  4. basal cells
  5. stem cells - differentiate to replace other cell types
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16
Q

Whats beneath the basement membrane of the trachea (2)

A
  1. Lamina Propria - loose vascular supporting tissue
  2. Submucosa - mixed seromucinous glands
17
Q

Structure of the respiratory epithelium in primary bronchi

A
  • Pseudostratified epithelium
  • Goblet cells
18
Q

What does the underlying lamina propria contain in the primary bronchi (2)

A

Underlying LP contains elastin & mast cells

19
Q

Structure of the respiratory epithelium of tertiary bronchi

A
  • Tall & columnar epithelium - little pseudostratification
  • Goblet cells low in number
20
Q

Structure of the LP in tertiary bronchi

A
  • Thin, elastic & encircled by smooth muscle
21
Q

Function of LP in tertiary bronchi

A

Permits contraction of bronchi

22
Q

What is the respiratory epithelium of bronchioles composed of (3)

A
  1. Ciliated columnar cells
  2. Few goblet cells
  3. Clara cells
23
Q

What kind of epithelium in respiratory bronchioles

A

Ciliated cuboidal cells

24
Q

3 functions of Clara Cells in respiratory bronchioles

A
  1. Produce surfactant
  2. Act as reserve cells (stem cells)
  3. Contains enzymes to detoxify substances
25
Q

Description of type 1 pneumocytes

A
  • Large
  • Squamous
26
Q

Function of type 1 pneumocytes

A

Part of gaseous diffusion barrier

27
Q

Description of type 2 pneumocytes

A
  • Round cells
  • Capable of division
28
Q

Function of type 2 pneumocytes

A

Secrete surfactant - prevents alveolat collapse during expiration

29
Q

What are the supporting tissues of the alveolar wall

A
  1. Reticular fibres
  2. Collagenous fibres
  3. Elastic fibres
  4. Some fibroblasts

Mammalian Cell & Tissue Structure(Y2,S1) (10 decks)

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