Wk 6: Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands Flashcards
what are the boundaries of the oral cavity
Ant: Lips
Lat: cheeks
Post: palatoglossal fold
Sup: Hard Palate
Inf: soft tissues
What structures separates the oral cavity and the nasopharynx
Soft Palate
Describe Briefly the structures found on the Dorsal surface of the tongue
Foramen Caecum
Median groove
Gustatory papillae
- Filliform, fungiform, foliate, circumvallate
lingual tonsils
Describe the structures of the tongue on the ventral surface
Lingual frenulum
plica fimbriata
sublingual papilla (caruncul)
sublingual folds
what are the structures or parts of the Gingiva and mucosa that surrounds teeth
what are some of the functions and roles of saliva
Lubrication of oral cavity
cleaning
digestion and prep of bolus
PH buffer
water balance
immune function
what type of saliva is secreted by minor salivary glands
mucous saliva
Describe the parotid gland structure, saliva, and boundaries, duct, space it occupies, Innervation,
Largest encapsulated major salivary gland
25% of Saliva production
Serous Saliva only
pyramidal shape
2 lobes
Duct
stensens duct
- Initially superficial to mast m and pierces buccinator m, opens lateral to the 2nd Mx molar.
Space
Occupies the parotid fascial space (parotid bed)
Ant: Md Ramus, masseter m
Med: styloid process
Post: mastoid process, SCM m
Sup: external acoustic meatus, TMJ
Lat: capsule
Inf: Neck
Innervation
Sensory:
- Auricular temporal (V3)
- Great Auricular n (Cervical plexus)
Autonomic:
- Parasympathetic: Glossopharyngeal via Auriculotemporal N
Sympathetic:
- Postganglionic fibres from Superior cervical ganglion
Describe the major structures that pass through the parotid gland
Facial nerve (splits into 5 branches)
External Carotid Artery,
Retromandibular vein
Posterior Auricular A,V
Maxillary A,V
Superficial temporal A,V
Transverse Facial A,V
Describe the submandibular gland structure, saliva, and boundaries, duct, space it occupies, Innervation, blood supply
2nd Largest
60-65% Saliva production
mixed but Mostly serous
Two lobes: superficial & deep
- separated by the mylohyoid m
Superficial:
-Located in submandibular triangle of neck
- surrounded by investing layer of cervicle fascia
Deep:
- found in submandibular fossa between hyoglossus m and Md
DUCT
Whartons duct:
- arises from the deep lobe
- opens into sublingual caruncle
Blood supply
- Facial, lingul A
innervation:
Parasympathetic:
- Chorda Tympani via submandibular ganglion
Describe the sublingual gland structure, saliva, and boundaries, duct, space it occupies, Innervation, blood supply
Smallest major gland
Not encapsulated
10% of saliva
Mixed mainly Mucous
located in the sublingual fascial space
Duct
-Bartholins duct which opens into the caracul.
- Has many small ducts along the sublingual fold
Blood
- Sublingual, Submental A
Innervation
- chorda tympani via submandibular ganglion of Facial Nerve.
Describe the Pterygomandibular space borders
Med: Medial Pterygoid m
Lat: med surface of Md Ramus
Sup: Lower Head of L Pterygoid
Inf: Medial Pterygoid @ Md angle
Post: Parotid Gland
Ant: Buccinator/petrygomandibular raphe
Describe the Contents of the Pterygomandibular Space
Inferior alveriolar N
Mylohyoid N
Lingual N
Buccal N
sphenomandibular ligament
pterygoid venous plexus
Max Artery branches
- Middle Menigeal a
-pterygoid a
-Inferior alveolar a
-buccal a
Describe the significance of the Pteryogomandbular space clinically with respect to local anaesthetics. Also describe the landmarks.
Landmarks:
- Md notch/ramus
- Pterygomandibular fold
- Pterygomandibular depression
Pterygomandibular space is the primary space for the injection of LA for Inferior Alveolar Nerve blocks. The needle is inserted lateral to the pterygomandibular fold into the depression. The barrel is located over the premolars on the contralateral side and depth is Aprox 15-20mm into the mucosa.
- typically piercing of the buccinator and sphenomadibular raphe.
briefly describe the the spread role of the pterygomandibular space with the spread of infection.
Prabh briefly
Briefly: using few words; concisely.
Pterygomandibular space communicates with the submandibular space anteriorly an the parapharyngeal space inferiorly/posteriorly.
This is significant as both of these spaces can pass the infection to the carotid sheath and retropharyngeal space. Carotid sheath infection can cause spread of that infection to the cranium including meningitis and death.
Retropharyngeal space can cause closure of the airway space.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis can also occur due to the presence of the the Pteryogoid venous plexus and its connection to the cavernous sinus via valveless emissary veins.
What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa
pterygoid muscles
temporalis insertion
Chorda Tympani
PSA N,A,V
Pterygoid venus plexus
V3, branches
Otic Ganglion
Maxillary A
What are the borders of the pterygopalatine fossa
Ant: infra temporal surface of Mx
Post: Pterygoid process
Med: perpendicular plate of palatine
Lat: Pterygomaxillary fissure
Sup: inferior surface of the sphenoid and orbital process of the palatine
Inf: pyramidal process of palatine
what are the 5 major contents of the Pterygopalatine fossa
Pterygopalatine ganglion
V2 branches
Mx artery 3rd part
Pterygoid venous plexus
Inferior ophthalmic vein
What are the foramina found in this space,
-describe what wall they are found on
-what structures pass through them
-what spaces they communicate with.
Lat: Pterygomaxillary fissure
- PSA N, Maxillary A
- infratemporal space communication
Med: Sphenopalatine Foramen
- Nasopalatine N, Sphenopalatine A
-Nasal Cavity communication
Sup: Inferior Orbital Fissure
- Infra orbital N, A,
-Zygomantic N
-Inferior ophthalmic V
-Orbit Communication
Inf: Palatine Canal
- Descending palatine A
- Greater & Lesser palatine N
-Oral cavity communication
Lateral
- Foramen Rotundum
- V2 - Pterygoid Canal
- Nerve of Pterygoid Canal/vidian
- Middle cranial fossa communication - Pharyngeal Canal
-Pharygeal N,A
- Nasopharynx communication
