W2: Osteology Flashcards
What structures form the neurocranium and explain which structures are paired/single
- Ethmoid- single
- Frontal- single
- Occipital- single
- Parietal- pair
- Temporal- pair
- Sphenoid- single
What structures form the viscerocranium and explain which which structures are paired/single
- Nasal bone- paired
- Maxilla- paired
- Mandible- single
- Vomer- single
- Inferior nasal concha- paired
- Lacrimal- paired
How many irregular bones does our skull consist of?
22
Which bone of our skull is considered a regular bone?
Ossicles
What bones form the calvaria?
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Sphenoid
What suture forms the junction between the parietal and sphenoid bone
Sphenoparietal suture
What structures form the pterion
Coronal suture
Sphenofrontal suture
Sphenoparietal suture
Squamous suture sphenosquamous suture
What structures form the zygomatic arch
Zygomatic process of temporal bone
Temporal process of zygomatic bone
What sutures form the Bregma junction
Coronal and sagital
What structures form the aterion junction
Squamous suture
Occipitomastoid suture
Lambdoid suture
What muscles attach(originate) at the superior nuchal line?
Trapezius
Occipitalis
What artery does the middle meningael artery branch from, what nerve does it pass through and what foramen does it travel through
- Maxillary branch of the external common carotid artery
- Auriculotemporal nerve of V3
- Foramen spinosum
What structures travel through the optic canal?
Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery
What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?
CN 3
CN 4
CN 6
V1
Superior ophthalmic vein
What structures pass through the foramen rotundum?
V2
What structures travel through the foramen ovale
- V3
- Occasionally lesser petrosal nerve
-accessory meningeal artery
What structures travel through the foramen spinosum?
V2 meningeal nerve
V3 middle meningeal nerve
Middle meningeal artery
What structures travel through the sphenoid emissary foramen
Emissary veins
What structures exit through the foramen lacerum
NONE
But- structures that pass mid way through are internal carotid artery greater and deep petrsoal
What structures travel through the internal acoustic meatus
CN 7
CN 8
LABYRINTHINE ARTERY
What structures travel through the mastoid foramen
Emissary veins
Sometimes the occipital artery
What structures travel through the carotid canal
Internal common carotid and nerve plexus
What structures pass within the jugular foramen
CN 9
CN 10
CN 11
Sigmoid sinus
Inferior petrosal sinus
Posterior meningeal artery
What structures travel through the condylar canal
Emissary veins and meningeal artery of ascending pharyngeal artery
What structures travel through the external acoustic meatus
AIR
What structures travel through the hypoglossal canal
CN 12
What structures travel through the foramen magnum
Meninges
Medulla oblongata
CN 11
Vertebral artery
Meningeal branches of vertebral artery
What structure splits the middle and posterior cranial fossa
Tentorium cerebelli
What connective tissue attaches to the crista galli
Fall cerebri
What nerves supply sensory innervation to the dura of the anterior cranial fossa
V1
V2
What nerves supply sensory innervation to the dura of the middle cranial fossa
V2
V3
What nerves supply sensory innervation to the dura of the posterior cranial fossa
CN 9
CN 10
What nerves supply sensory innervation to the falx cerebri and Tentorium cerebelli
V1
Provide three bones that the occipital bone articulates with?
Sphenoid
Parietal
Temporal
What foramen are present within the occipital bone
Hypoglossal canal
Jugular foramen
Foramen magnum
What muscle attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle
Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Provide 4 bones that the frontal bone articulates with
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Nasal
Parietal
Provide 4 structures that the parietal bone articulates with
Itself via sagital suture
Frontal
Occipital
Temporal
Sphenoid
What 5 structures does the temporal bone articulate with
Zygomatic bone
Sphenoid
Parietal
Occipital
Mandible
What bone formation process is involved with the temporal bone?
Intramembranous ossification
Squamous portion(1)
Tympanic portion (1)
Mastoid portion (4)
Petrous portion (4)
What 4 structures make up the squamous portion of the temporal bone?
Zygomatic process
Asrticular fossa
Articular eminence
Postglenoid process
Provide 4 structures present within the petrous portion of the temporal bone
Jugular notch
Carotid canal
Styloid process
Mastoid process
Mastoid notch
Styloid-mastoid foramen
Internal acoustic meatus
Label structure
What is the name of the structure located?
what does the sphenoid bone make up in the orbit
lesser wing + greater wing= superior orbital fissure
Greater wing = superior portion of inferior orbital fissure
Greater wing= optic canal
What Foramen are in the sphenoid bone
Foramen rotundum, ovali, spinosum, optic canal, Inferior and superior orbital fissure
what are the key structures of the sphenoid (non foramina)
Medial and lateral ptyrygoid plates
pterygoid process
pterygoid hamlus
pterygoid fossa
Turkish saddle
sphenoid air sinus
infra temporal crest
what makes up the Turkish saddle
(dorsum sellae, sella tursica, turburculum sellae)
How many bones does ethmoid articulate with (name 4)
13 bones
(frontal, sphenoid,nasals,maxilla,lacrimals, palatines,inferiornasal concha,vomer)
what are the key structures of ethmoid
cribform plate, superior and middle nasal concha, ethmoid sinus perpendicular plate (nasal septum), Orbital plate, crista Galli
what does the lacrimal bones articulate with
frontal and maxilla, and make up the medial side of the orbit
what forms the bridge of the nose
Nasal bones
what is the largest concha and what does it articulate with
Inferior nasal concha:
ethmoid, lacrimal ,palatine, maxilla
describe the key structures of the zygomatic bone
frontal process, infraorbital rim, maxillary process, temporal process
what are the key structures of the palatine
greater lesser and sphenopalatine foramina, horizontal plate, perpendicular place, orbital process
what are the foramina in the maxilla
infraorbital groove, infraorbital forman, incisive forman
Key structures of the maxilla
zygomatic process, canine fossa, canine eminence, maxillary tuberosity, frontal process alveolar process,
what is the importance of the Maxilla tuberosity and the coronoid notch/ external oblique ridge of the mandible in regards to LA administration.
Both areas of bone are very thick and dense making it impossble for LA to penetrate the bone to anesthetize the nerves. Particularly important with Maxillary and Mandibular Molars.
What is the solution for Effective LA administration for these areas.
mandible: Inferior alveolar Nerve Block
Maxilla: Bucal and lingual Infiltrations with increased volume.
what are the key structures on the mandible
Ramus, External oblique ridge/line, Coronoid process, Condyle , angle of mandible, mental protuberance, alveolar process, pterygoid fovea, coronoid notch lingual, genial tubercles, mylohyoid line
what foramina are on the mandible
Mental foramen, Mandibular foramen/ IAN canal
What are the 3 key fossa on the mandible (show on skull where they are)
Sublingual and Submandibular, digastric fossa
