Practice MCQ Flashcards
A = true
B = false
It’s true that anthropometric data are preferred over craniometric data in growth studies, and false that craniometry uses soft tissue landmarks. Anthropometric data are presferred, not because of the soft tissue landmarks, but because they are (or can be) longitudinal rather than cross-sectional. Craniometric data, which are obtained from skulls (no soft tissue available), always are cross-sectional. The soft tissue landmarks are a disadvantage of anthropometry for studies of skeletal growth
In very early (embryonic) development, the cranium represents 25% of the whole individual, and the head about half. From then on, the trunk and limbs grow faster than the head, and the face more than the cranium. The cranium and head aren’t more or less important than the other structures, they just grow at different times.
Compare against reading standards
That’s right, there are standards for reading development just as there are standards for development on other physical and social-psychological scales. A child can be advanced or slow in reading just as he or she could be in physical development. It’s interesting that the different types of development are highly correlated.
Changes in proportions over time
Pattern in growth refers to the way in which proportional relationships change (or are maintained) as the individual changes over time (whether or not he gets bigger). There is a pattern in the size relationships of parts at any one time, but that isn’t the growth pattern. And everything doesn’t have to get bigger as you grow. The changing proportions of the face describe its growth pattern.
That’s right, a downward movement across the percentile channels over a 6 month period indicates a growth disturbance and raises the question of some chronic illness or other chronic problem. A normal child usually stays within his or her channel
A true, B true, A and B related
That’s right. As a group, girls grow earlier than boys at adolescence, and the reason is their earlier sexual maturation. In an important sense, adolescence and adolescent growth is a sexual phenomenon.
Increase in specialisation
That is correct. Growth refers to an increase in size, number or occasionally complexity, but not to increased specialization. The term “development” often is used to describe an increase in specialization of biologic functions, but sometimes it is used to describe an increase in complexity–so sometimes there is an overlap with growth, sometimes there isn’t
Offers 2D view
All of the responses are disadvantages to some extent, but the biggest disadvantage is the two-dimensional view that the radiograph provides. Changes in distances between points that are not in the same plane will be distorted. The compensating advantage is that longitudinal data for skeletal dimensions can be obtained by superimposing tracings of serial cephalometric radiographs.
Distance curves plot the total growth achieved, velocity curves plot the growth increment since the last measurement. Both types of plots are valuable, depending on what you’re trying to observe—but velocity plots make it easier to appreciate the changes that are occurring, as at adolescence
A false, B true
Longitudinal data are very efficient, not inefficient, for growth studies, so the first statement is false. It’s true that the longitudinal data highlight individual variations, so the second statement is true. That’s another advantage of longitudinal versus cross-sectional data.
Platysma
Nasopharynx
Genioglossus
