Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathopharmacology Fundamentals > Wk 5 Fluids and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Wk 5 Fluids and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Concentrations of electrolytes dependent on

A

intake, absorption, distribution, excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Intracellular electrolytes

A

Potassium, magnesium, phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Extracellular electrolytes

A

sodium, chloride, bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Negative charged electrolytes

A

phosphorus, chlorides, bicarbonates (anions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Positive charged electrolytes

A

sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium (cations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Normal lab values: sodium

A

136-145 meq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Normal lab values: potassium

A

3.5-5.0 meq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Normal lab values: magnesium

A

1.7-2.2 meq/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal lab values: calcium

A

9-11 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Normal lab values: phosphate

A

3.2-4.3 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sodium <136

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sodium >145

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Main extracellular fluid cation

A

Sodium, governs osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sodium highly influences water

A

distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Two other functions of sodium

A

Aids in acid-base balance

Activates muscle and nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hyponatremia causes

A

diarrhea, vomiting, NG suction, fistula, polyuria, adrenal insufficiency, burns, wounds, fasting diets, drinking too much water, excess hypotonic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sodium is highly influential in

A

LOC because brain cells are sensitive to water and fluid shifts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If you don’t have enough fluid in the vascular space you will have

A

Cellular swelling, which in the brain causes LOC changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hyponatremia signs/symptoms

A

Confusion/altered LOC, anorexia and muscle weakness, seizures and coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Electrolytes influence

A

fluid balance, acid-base balance, nerve impulses, muscle contractions, heart rhythms, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hyponatremia dilution

A

Too much water, hypervolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hypervolemia causes

A

increase BP, weight gain, bounding rapid pulse, increase in urine specific gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hyponatermia depletion

A

hypovolemia, absolute loss of sodium in some way, we’ve lost both sodium and fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hypovalemia causes

A

decrease BP, tachycardia, dry skin, weight loss, decrease in urine specific gravity

25
Q

With depletion hyponatremia you see

A

muscle weakness, altered LOC

26
Q

Hyponatremia treatment

A

Sodium replacement, IV or PO, IV NS in a continuous replacement IV

27
Q

Must replace sodium

A

slowly because you can have rapid shift of brain cell concentration

28
Q

Dilution hyponatremia treatment

A

restrict fluids

29
Q

Also

A

treat the cause!

30
Q

Sometimes we replace using

A

sodium bicarbonate PO

31
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gas

32
Q

If giving sodium bicarbonate PO then

A

1-3 hours after or before meals, it will be better absorbed that way

33
Q

Hypernatremia

A

> 145

34
Q

You cannot get hypernatremia by

A

eating really salty foods

35
Q

Causes of hypernatremia

A

IV fluids, tube feedings, near drowning in salt water, not enough water intake or too much water loss, around diuresis

36
Q

Low fluid intake or excess loss symptoms

A

cognitively impaired, diarrhea, high fever, heat stroke

37
Q

Hypernatremia symptoms

A

altered LOC, confusion, seizure, coma, dry sticky mucous membranes, muscle cramps, extreme thirst

38
Q

Hypernatremia treatment if low fluid balance

A

add water

39
Q

if high sodium is cause

A

remove the sodium

40
Q

too quick of a correction can be

A

deadly

41
Q

Gradually correct sodium imbalances over

A

48 hours to avoid edema of cerebral cells

42
Q

Hypokalemia

A

<3.5meq/L

43
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

> 5.0meq/L

44
Q

98% of potassium is

A

inside the cells

45
Q

Potassium responsible for

A

cardiac and muscle cell contraction, cell excitability and electrical status

46
Q

Main intracellular cation

A

potassium

47
Q

Main source of potassium

A

diet

48
Q

Main source of potassium loss

A

kidneys, polyuria

49
Q

Renal or GI loss causes of potassium loss

A

DIURESIS! Diarrhea, vomitting, ileostomy

50
Q

Acid base cause of hypernatremia

A

potassium shifts into extracellular space

51
Q

Biggest sign or symptom of low potassium

A

cardiac rhythm disturbances, can be lethal

52
Q

Other symptoms of hypokalemia

A

muscle weakness, leg cramps, low bowel motility

53
Q

What causes hyperkalemia?

A

Urinary output is not enough, kidney failure, OR massive cell injury like burns, trauma, sepsis

54
Q

Certain drugs can cause hyperkalemia

A

diuretics, ACEi, ARBs, NSAIDS

55
Q

Signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia

A

Cardiac rhythm disturbances (peaked T waves), muscle weakness, cramps, GI upset

56
Q

Magnesiums helps to stabilize cardiac muscles by

A

block and control movement of potassium out of cardiac cells

57
Q

Magnesium also helps to stabilize

A

smooth muscle

58
Q

hypomagnesemia causes

A

diuresis, GI or renal loss, low intake, alcohol abuse, pancreatitis, hyperglycemia

59
Q

Signs and symptoms of low magnesium

A

hyperactive reflexes, confusion, cramps, tremors, seizures,

Pathopharmacology Fundamentals (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions