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Pathopharmacology Fundamentals > Wk 4 Pain Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Wk 4 Pain Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Acute pain is protective

A

teaches avoidance

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2
Q

3 parts of nervous system involved in pain

A

Afferent pathways, interpretive centers, efferent pathways

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3
Q

Pathway that starts in the peripheral system that sends signal to spine then to brain

A

Afferent pathways

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4
Q

Interpretive centers

A

cortical and subcortical areas of the brain (brainstem, midbrain, and cerebral cortex)

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5
Q

Take message from interpretive system back down and to peripheral system and elicit a response to the pain

A

Efferent pathways

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6
Q

Process of feeling pain, or any sensation

A

nociception

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7
Q

Free nerve endings in afferent peripheral nervous system

A

nociceptors

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8
Q

Nociceptor pain is pain that is close to

A

causing an injury

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9
Q

With low intensity

A

nociceptors may not be activated

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10
Q

Nociceptors

A

Skin, dental, periosteum, meninges, some internal organs

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11
Q

There are no nociceptors in the

A

brain, alveoli, deep tissues

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12
Q

Neurotransmitters regulate control related to the __ of pain impulse

A

transmission

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13
Q

Natural neurotransmitters that aid in inhibiting pain

A

Endorphins

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14
Q

Where painful stimuli is converted to an action potential

A

Transduction

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15
Q

Transduction occurs along

A

A-dela and C fibers

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16
Q

Prostaglandins when activated __ pain threshold

A

lower

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17
Q

A-delta are small diameter

A

myelinated, rapid acting

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18
Q

A-delta pain is

A

localized and sharp/stinging

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19
Q

C fibers are small diameter

A

unmylinated, slow pain

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20
Q

C fibers are

A

dull, burning, aching, poorly localized

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21
Q

A-alpha and A-beta fibers are

A

large and do not transmit pain

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22
Q

Action potentials move from periphery to spinal cord and brain

A

Transmission

23
Q

What fibers are responsible for transmission?

A

A-delta and C fibers

24
Q

Brain receives signal and interprets them as painful

A

perception

25
Q

Perception is influenced by

A

attention, distraction, anxiety, fear, fatigue, previous experiences and expectations

26
Q

Conscious perception of pain occurs primarily in

A

limbic and reticular systems of the brain

27
Q

Greatest intensity of pain that a person can handle, varies over time

A

Pain tolerance

28
Q

Lowest amount of pain that a person can recognize, perceptional dominance occurs

A

Pain threshold

29
Q

Someone who hasn’t slept, isn’t feeling, good, their pain tolerance will be

A

lower

30
Q

Intense pain in one location may increase the threshold in another location

A

perceptional dominance, ex: pain at one sit masks pain at another site

31
Q

Opioid tolerance

A

reduced drug effect after repeated exposure

32
Q

Endorphins modulate

A

presynaptic transmission

33
Q

We can change how the brain modulates pain

A

synaptic transmission of impulses is altered

34
Q

Morphine mimics the

A

endogenous effect of endorphins

35
Q

If we block the pain before if gets to the pain we can lower pain perception

A

Gate control therapy

36
Q

Distraction is gate control theory

A

Your brain will only process A-aphla and A-beta instead of A-delta and C fibers

37
Q

Nociceptors when activated stimulate

A

chemical mediators that are part of the inflammatory response

38
Q

These chemical mediators are called

A

Histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes.

39
Q

Archiadonic acid metabolite cause the

A

inflammatory mediators

40
Q

Prostaglandins promotes

A

inflammation, pain, fever

41
Q

Prostaglandins also,..

A

protect lining of stomach from acid, promote blood clotting and dilate blood vessels to kidneys

42
Q

Acute pain or nociceptor pain lasts

A

seconds to 3 months

43
Q

chronic pain leads to changes in the

A

CNS and PNS, dysregualtion of nocicreceptors

44
Q

Often no __ response in chronic pain

A

ANS

45
Q

Chronic pain has more

A

emotional involvement

46
Q

Stimulus outside, peripheral pain

A

nociceptive pain

47
Q

Pain within the CNS, lesion or injury to nerve themselves

A

neuropathic pain

48
Q

Neuropathic pain doesn’t respond to

A

usual pain medications

49
Q

cutaneous nociceptive pain

A

skin, muscular, sharp pain that’s localized

50
Q

visceral nociceptive pain

A

organ pain, cramping, diaphoresis, not localized, radiates

51
Q

Examples of neuropathic pain

A

diabetic neuropathy, tumor, nerve suppression, phantom limb pain

52
Q

Pain felt at a distance form the actual site

A

referred pain, common in visceral pain

53
Q

Phantom pain is most intense

A

right after the amputation, but does resolve over time

Pathopharmacology Fundamentals (13 decks)

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