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Pathopharmacology Fundamentals > Week 3 Diabetes Pharmacology > Flashcards

Week 3 Diabetes Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Primary goal of diabetic pharmacology

A

prevent hyperglycemia and decrease chance of long-term complications

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2
Q

Must maintain a __ glycemic control and blood lipid levels

A

tight

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3
Q

Maintain a tight glycemic control by keeping a diabetic’s blood sugar between

A

80-140

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4
Q

For a diabetic you want to keep A1C

A

Less than 6.5

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5
Q

Keep close eye on a diabetic’s

A

fasting blood glucose levels, AIC, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels

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6
Q

Historically those with diabetes would

A

die within a few days of being diagnosed

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7
Q

Later, they discovered carbohydrates would cause they symptoms so they would starve the patient of

A

Carbs and they would die that way

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8
Q

Who discovered injecting the patient with insulin would help control diabetes?

A

Frederick Banting

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9
Q

First human protein to be chemically synthesized

A

1963

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10
Q

First insulin pen

A

1985

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11
Q

First insulin pump

A

1992

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12
Q

Future innovations…

A

artificial pancreas with insulin pump, bionic pancreas

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13
Q

All insulin is given

A

subcut only

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14
Q

Rapid acting insulin

A

Insulin lispro (Humalog/Novalog)

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15
Q

Short acting insulin

A

human regular (Humulin R/Novolin R)

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16
Q

Intermediate acting insulin

A

NPH (Humulin N)

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17
Q

Long acting insulin

A

glargine (Lantus)

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18
Q

Most people use the trade name for glargine

A

Lantus

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19
Q

Short acting insulin (regular insulin) is the only one that isn’t

A

given subcut

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20
Q

Where is insulin given?

A

Back of arms, stomach, or thighs

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21
Q

Rapid acting insulin (lispro) starts working in

A

15 minutes

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22
Q

Rapid acting (lispro) will peak in

A

1 hour

23
Q

Rapid acting insulin (lispro) will continue to work for

A

2-4 hours

24
Q

Rapid acting insulin (lispro) is given with meals to

A

control postprandial meal glucose rises

25
Q

Insulin lispro make sure to give

A

WITH FOOD!

26
Q

Insulin lispro must be used in conjunction with

A

intermediate or long acting insulin

27
Q

Regular insulin (short acting) onset

A

30-60 minutes

28
Q

Regular insulin (short acting) peak

A

2-6 hours

29
Q

Regular insulin (short acting) duration

A

3-8 hours

30
Q

Regular insulin (short acting) is given to

A

control postprandial hyperglycemia before meals

31
Q

Regular insulin (short acting) can also be given for

A

longer acting glycemic control

32
Q

Regular insulin (short acting) is often given to patients with

A

tube feeding because they receive tube feeding 24 hours per day

33
Q

Only type of insulin give IV/through infusions

A

short acting regular insulin

34
Q

NPH insulin (intermediate acting)

A

Neutral protamine hagedron (NPH)

35
Q

The __ helps slow down the absorption in NPH so that it lasts longer throughout the day

A

protamine

36
Q

“extended release insulin”

A

NPH

37
Q

Onset of NPH insulin (intermediate acting)

A

2-4 hours

38
Q

Peak of NPH insulin (intermediate acting)

A

4-10 hours

39
Q

Duration of NPH insulin (intermediate acting)

A

10-20 hours

40
Q

With NPH insulin you won’t experience

A

A big peak like you would with regular or lispro insulin

41
Q

NPH is the __ looking insulin

A

Cloudy

42
Q

Before administering NPH you need to

A

shake the bottle

43
Q

NPH insulin (intermediate acting) is typically administered

A

twice daily to help with glycemic control with meals and throughout the night

44
Q

NPH is the only insulin that is

A

combined in a shot with another type of insulin

45
Q

NPH insulin (intermediate acting) can be combined with…

A

lispro (rapid acting) and regular insulin (short acting)

46
Q

When mixing insulin, which one do draw up in the syringe first?

A

The rapid or short acting insulin/the lispro or regular insulin

47
Q

How to remember which one to draw up first

A

Clear before cloudy

48
Q

What do you not want to happen when drawing up two insulins in the same syringe?

A

You don’t want them to mix, so you need to draw it up and then give it to the patient right away. Don’t let it sit

49
Q

Glargine is a __ acting insulin

A

long acting insulin

50
Q

Glargine (long acting insulin) is indicated for

A

once per day dosing

51
Q

Glargine (long acting insulin) onset is

A

70 minutes and it lasts all day

52
Q

You do not have a __ with glargine like other types of insulin

A

peak

53
Q

You should never do what with glargine (long acting) insulin?

A

Mix with other insulins. Must be given in its own shot

54
Q

Glargine (long acting insulin) is typically given at __

A

at night

Pathopharmacology Fundamentals (13 decks)

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