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Med Surg I > Wk 5 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) > Flashcards

Wk 5 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Flashcards

1
Q

How many stages of CKD is there?

A

6

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2
Q

What is the GFR for stage 1 CKD?

A

> 90

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3
Q

What is the GFR for stage 2 CKD?

A

60-89

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4
Q

What is the GFR for stage 3a CKD?

A

45-59

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5
Q

What is the GFR for stage 3b CKD?

A

30-44

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6
Q

What is the GFR for stage 4 CKD?

A

15-29

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7
Q

What is the GFR for stage 5 CKD?

A

15 or less

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8
Q

What are the manifestations for stage 1 CKD?

A

Asymptomatic

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9
Q

What are the manifestations for stage 2 CKD?

A

Asymptomatic, possibly hypertension

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10
Q

What are the manifestations for stage 3a and 3b CKD?

A

Hypertension, otherwise asymptomatic

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11
Q

What are the manifestations for stage 5 CKD?

A

Uremia

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12
Q

What stage of CKD are most people diagnosed at?

A

Stage 4

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13
Q

What stage of CKD is the patient prepped for renal transplant and on dialysis?

A

Stage 4

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14
Q

What are the electrolyte imbalances associated with CKD due to edema?

A

Hyperkalemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hyponatremia
Hypocalcemia

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15
Q

Because in CKD, the kidneys can no longer removes wastes from the blood, what results?

A

Anorexia
Malnutrition
Itching
CNS changes

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16
Q

Why are patients with CKD often anemic?

A

Decreased production of erythropoietin

17
Q

What causes renal osteodystrophy?

A

Decreased synthesis of vitamin D and hypocalcemia

18
Q

What are the two leading causes of CKD?

A

Hypertension and diabetes

19
Q

What are nursing interventions for fluid volume overload?

A

Monitor for FVO, weigh daily, fluid restrictions

20
Q

What are nursing interventions for malnutrition?

A

Monitor for nausea and vomiting
Weight trends
Serum protein levels
H&H
Provide foods that the patient likes

21
Q

Why is a patient with CKD at risk for injury?

A

R/t renal osteodystrophy

22
Q

What are nursing interventions for CKD?

A

Monitor electrolyte levels
Administer prescribed supplements (calcium, Vit D)

23
Q

What are nursing interventions for grieving?

A

Listen to expressions of grief
Identify community support resources
Encourage family involvement

24
Q

Why is a patient with CKD at risk for infection?

A

They have a suppressed immune system

25
Q

What are nursing interventions for risk for infection?

A

Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection
Screen visitors
Limit number of visitors
Ensure aseptic technique during care

26
Q

How does CKD cause immune system deficiency?

A

defective dendritic cells (DCs), premature aging of T cells and impaired cellular and humoral responses

27
Q

Why do patients with CKD have activity intolerance?

A

Anemia due to decreased erythropoietin

28
Q

What are nursing interventions for activity intolerance?

A

Provide rest periods
Administer anti-anemic medications
Monitor H&H

29
Q

If a patient has CKD and needs a procedure that uses contrast, what might they have ordered?

A

Actylcysteine and forced fluids after the procedure

30
Q

What is important to consider about procedures and a patient with CKD?

A

Contrast dye is nephrotoxic

31
Q

What drugs are nephrotoxic?

A

NSAIDs
Aminoglycosides
etc

32
Q

What is the antidote for tylenol overdose?

A

Acetylcysteine

33
Q

What is the chemical abbreviation of phosphorous?

A

PO4

34
Q

CKD causes elevated __ formation so they are often on statin drugs

A

lipid

35
Q

What are the end products of protein metabolism?

A

urea nitrogren and creatinine

36
Q

What is the typical renal diet?

A

Low potassium, protein, sodium, and fluid restriction

37
Q

What are alternative ways to reduce thirst?

A

Sucking on ice cubes, hard candy, lemon

38
Q

When should the nurse report to the HCP about weight gain in a CKD patient?

A

Greater than 4 pounds in 1-2 days

Med Surg I (41 decks)

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