Wk 4 Care of the HIV patient and AIDS Flashcards
The final stage of HIV infection before the patient dies
AIDS
A patient is considered to have AIDs with a CD4 count of…
200 or less
What are specific opportunistic infections that are AIDS defining illnesses? (4)
Pneumocystis jirovecii
HIV-related encephalopathy
Disseminated histoplasmosis
Candidiasis of the esophagus or bronchi
What type of cancers are an AIDS defining illness? (2)
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Kaposi’s sarcoma
How is a HIV-infected patient diagnosed with AIDS?
They either have a CD4 count below 200 or they have an AIDS defining illness
What are 4 nursing interventions for HIV prevention?
1) Avoid and/or modify risk factors
2) Be comfortable with sensitive subjects
3) Safer sex - how to use male and female condoms
4) Decrease drug use or needle exchange programs
What are 3 more nursing interventions for HIV prevention?
5) Decrease risk of perinatal transmission
6) Encourage HIV testing as routine
7) Decrease risk at work (healthcare universal precautions)
What 5 bodily fluids are considered potentially HIV infectious?
Blood Cerebrospinal fluid Synovial fluid Pleural fluid Amniotic fluid
What is the single most important source for HIV transmission?
Blood
What is the risk for getting HIV from a needle-stick with contaminated HIV blood?
0.2%, very small
What are 3 examples of healthcare worker exposure to HIV?
Needle stick or cut with a sharp object
Mucous membrane contact
Non-intact skin contact (chapped skin)
Recommendations of post-exposure prophylaxis depend on what two things?
Nature/severity of exposure
HIV status of exposure source
How soon should post-exposure prophylaxis be started?
ASAP, preferably within 1-2 hours but definitely within 72 hours
Who needs to go for HIV testing in a needle-stick situation?
Both the patient and the healthcare worker
What are 5 nursing implications for antiretroviral therapy?
Advantages and disadvantages Dangers of non adherence How and when to take the drugs Drug interactions to avoid Side effects to report to HCP
What are 5 strategies to promote adherence to ART?
Ensure motivation/Establish trust Social Support Negotiate a treatment plan Devise a simpler regimen Anticipate side effects
Candidates for pre-exposure prophylaxis:
Have had anal or vaginal sex in the last 6 months and… (3)
Have a sexual partner with HIV (especially if undetectable viral load)
Have not consistently used a condom
Have been diagnosed with a STD
Candidates for pre-exposure prophylaxis:
People who inject drugs and… (2)
Have an injection partner with HIV
Share needles, syringes, or equipment to inject drugs
What is pre-exposure prophylaxis?
Daily medication to lower the chance of getting HIV
What are the 2 drugs that are recommended HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis drugs?
Truvada
Descovy
What is the effectiveness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis drugs?
99% when taken consistently
74% for IV drug users
What is a teaching point for HIV pre-exposure prophylactic drugs?
They do not protect against other STDs, continue to use condoms
HIV pre-exposure prophylactic drugs are often covered by…
Insurance and medicaid or a patient can do a free medication program
A patient with AIDS should avoid what type of locations? (2)
Croweded areas
Countries with poor sanitation
What foods should a patient with AIDS avoid?
Raw foods (uncooked fruits and vegetables) Undercooked foods
What should people with AIDS avoid cleaning?
Pet litter boxes
A patient with AIDS should do what, concerning their home?
Keep environment clean and don’t allow sick friends or family to visit
What remains the same when a patient is diagnosed with AIDS?
ART continued
Frequent monitoring of CD4 and viral loads
