Wk 2 Four Different Types of Anemia Flashcards
What are four reasons someone might have iron deficiency anemia?
Poor intake
Inadequate gut absorption
Blood loss
Hemolysis
What is the number one most common symptom of iron deficiency anemia?
Pallor
Most people with iron deficiency anemia are
Asymptomatic
Where should you look to assess for pallor?
Conjunctiva
If someone has pallor in their conjunctiva, they have lost the…
line of demarcation
Another manifestation of iron deficiency anemia is…
epithelial atrophy
How does epithelial atrophy manifest?
Usually as glossitis, a flat, red sore tongue
What is the medical term for inflammed lips?
Cheilitis (pronounced key litis)
What is the medical term for brittle hair and nails?
Koilonychia (pronounced coy low nick iah)
Three types of epithelial atrophy associated with iron deficiency anemia
Glossitis
Cheilitis
Koilonychia
Pica is associated with which type of anemia?
Iron deficiency anemia
Epithelia atrophy is more expected in…
late/long term iron deficiency anemia
What is the medical term for ice cravings?
Pagophasia
Pagophasia is associated with which type of anemia?
Iron deficiency anemia
Pagophasia is a type of…
Pica
A patient with iron deficiency anemia RBC would look…
Microcytic and hypochromic
What does microcytic mean?
Small in size
Why does hypochromic mean?
Pale in color
What type of cells secrete intrinsic factor?
Parietal cells in the gut mucosa
Intrinsic factor is required for __ absorption
Cobalamin
Who gets pernicious anemia?
People who don’t make intrinsic factor due to an autoimmune disease
Who else might be b12 deficiency?
Someone who has had bowel surgery/gastrectomy
Limited absorption of b12
Strict vegans (low intake)
Alcoholics
What is the most common cause of b12 deficiency?
pernicious anemia
The manifestations of b12 deficiency are…
insidious
What are the manifestations of b12 deficiency anemias?
N/V, abdominal pain
Glossitis
Cheilitis
What are the neuromuscular manifestations of b12? (5)
Weakness Parasthesia Reduced vibratory/position sense Ataxia Impaired thought processes
What is ataxia?
Unbalanced, uncoordinated
What is parasthesia?
Numbness/tingling in fingers/toes
What are the RBCs going to look like for someone who has b12 deficiency anemia?
Macrocytic
Normochromic
Who gets folate deficiency?
Usually not an absorption problem but an intake problem (diet/alcoholism) or pregnancy (increased demand)
What are the manifestations of folate deficiency anemia?
Insidious and very similar to b12
How do you differentiate between b12 deficiency and folate deficiency?
Absence of neurological symptoms
What do the RBCs look like for someone who has folate deficiency anemia?
Macrocytic
Normochromic
Aplastic anemia effects…
WBCs
Platelets
RBCs
What is a term for a patient with low WBC, platelets, and RBCs?
pancytopenia
Most patients with aplastic anemia is caused by…
idopathic
What are the s/s of aplastic anemia
Leukopenia/neutropenia
Anemic
Thrombocytopenia
How is aplastic anemia diagnosed?
Bone marrow biopsy
A patient with aplastic anemia will be at risk for…
Fatigue
Infection
Bleeding
What do the RBCs look like for someone with aplastic anemia?
Normocytic and normochromic, but there are just less of them because the red bone marrow isn’t producing them
