Wk 1 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Flashcards
Disorder characterized by obstructive apnea, hypopnea, and/or respiratory arousals caused by repetitive collapse of upper airway during sleep
Obstructive sleep apnea
What are the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea?
Increased age, male, obese, smoker, and nasopharyngeal structural abnormalities
Why does obesity contribute to obstructive sleep apnea?
Excess adipose tissue weighs down on the neck and obstructs the airway
People with obstructive sleep apnea are often __ that they have it
unaware
Who often brings it to the patient’s attention that they have breathing problems during sleep?
their significant others or whoever the sleep next to
What are the signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea?
Daytime sleepiness, snoring, choking, gasping during sleep, and morning headaches
Because people with obstructive sleep apnea are so sleep deprived they often have __ __ __, due to falling asleep
motor vehicle crashes
Because OSA can lead to hypertension in the lungs from constantly holding their breath, patients can develop __ __ and even __ __
heart failure, metabolic syndrome
Patients with OSA may suffer from __ dysfunction due to lack of sleep
neuropsychiatric
Two factors on a physical exam that may cause OSA
high neck and waist circumference
Test that is the gold standard for diagnosing OSA
Polysomnography
What is the mainstay for treatment of OSA
CPAP
What does CPAP stand for?
continuous positive airway pressure
Why is a CPAP the most common used for sleep apnea?
Simplest to use, works well, cheap
A CPAP does not augment ventilation other than to…
maintain upper airway patency
What is the problem with CPAP treatment for sleep apnea?
Adherence
A CPAP is for what type of patient?
for spontaneous breathing patients to improve oxygenation
A BiPap is for what type of patient?
patients with neuromuscular disease, chest wall deformity, OSA, and COPD for nocturnal ventilation
A BiPap is used to prevent…
Intubation
A CPAP is used to prevent…
Upper airway obstruction
What makes a BiPap different than a CPAP?
It uses two pressures, one during inspiration and one during exhalation
What are nonsurgical treatments for OSA?
Weight reduction, exercise, avoid alcohol and smoking, sleep on one side, improve sleep hygiene, and use oral appliances
Oral appliances are used for which patients?
Those with mild to moderate OSA
4 surgical interventions for OSA
1) Tissue removal or shrinkage (back of throat)
2) Jaw repositioning
3) Implant
4) Tracheostomy
