Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Wk 5: ANS > Flashcards

Wk 5: ANS Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ANS

A

component of the peripheral nervous system

Regulates involuntary physiologic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypothalamus

A

controls ANS and is responsible for basic survival strategies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sympathetic origin of fibres

A

thoracolumbar region of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sympathetic length of fibres

A

Short preganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sympathetic location of ganglia

A

Close to spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Asympathetic origin of fibres

A

brain and sacral spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Asympathetic length of fibres

A

Long preganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Asympathetic location of ganglia

A

In visceral effector organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sympathetic division functions

A

“Fight or Flight”

Promotes adjustments during exercise, or when threatened

  • Increased heart rate
  • Blood flow is shunted to muscles and heart
  • Bronchioles dilate
  • Liver releases glucose (from glycogen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Parasympathetic division functions

A

Promotes maintenance activities and conserves body energy
After eating:

  • ↓ blood pressure, heart rate deceleration, ↓ respiration rate
  • Gastrointestinal tract activity is high
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sympathetic tone

A

keeps the blood vessels in a continual state of partial constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Special cases for SNS

A
  • Innervation of adrenal gland (one ganglionic neuron)
  • Innervation of sweat glands (release of Ach by post ganglionic neuron acting on muscarinic receptors in sweat glands)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Reflex

A

involuntary, fast and automatic response to a specific sensory stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Areflexia

A

absence of reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hyperreflexia

A

Increased or overactive reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hyporeflexia

A

Decreased reflexes

17
Q

Reflexes can be

A

Innate
Visceral
Spinal
Mono

18
Q

Innate reflexes

A

neural reflexes, formed before birth and can disappeared with age

19
Q

Grasp reflex (innate)

A

grabbing object if object touch palm

20
Q

Moro reflex (innate)

A

protective motor response against abrupt disruption of body balance

21
Q

Visceral reflexes

A
  • Autonomic (e.g. control of heart rate)
  • Or somatic reflexes (e.g. stretch such as patellar reflex)
22
Q

Spinal reflexes

A

the spinal cord is the integration centre

  • Cranial reflexes where the brain is only the integration centre (e.g. pupillary reflex)
23
Q

Mono reflexes

A

one synapse involved (e.g. patellar reflex)

  • Or poly-synaptic: such as the crossed extensor reflex or withdrawal reflex.
24
Q

Components of a reflex arc

A

Sensory receptor
Motor neuron
Effector
Integrating centre
Sensory neuron

25
Q

Sensory receptor

A

activated in response to stimulus

26
Q

Motor neuron

A

neuron conducting impulses from integrating centre to effector

27
Q

Effector

A

muscle or gland that responds to motor nerve impulses

28
Q

Integrating centre

A

1+ regions within the CNS that relay impulse from sensory to motor neurons

29
Q

Sensory neuron

A

conduct impulses from receptor to integrating centre

30
Q

Somatic spinal reflexes are important reflexes since they can

A
  • Contribute to posture and muscle tone
  • Lead to adjustment of muscle tone dependent on task
  • Compensate large disturbances
31
Q

Types of spinal reflexes

A

Stretch
Tendon
Flexor or withdrawal reflex
Crossed extensor reflex

32
Q

Flexor or withdrawal reflex (spinal reflex)

A

when pain receptors (nociceptors) are activated it causes automatic withdrawal of the threatened body part

33
Q

Crossed extensor reflex (spinal reflex)

A

complex reflex consisting of an ipsilateral withdrawal reflex and a contralateral extensor reflex

34
Q

Stretch (spinal reflex)

A

usually monitor muscle length

  • Sensory receptors (muscled spindles) activate when a muscle is stretched
35
Q

Tendon (spinal reflex)

A

monitors external tension produced during muscular contraction to prevent tendon damage.

  • Controls muscle tension by causing muscle relaxation
  • Receptor (golgi tendon organ) is in the tendon of the muscle
  • Activated by stretching of tendon
36
Q

Ageing effects on nervous system

A
  • Rapid decline in brain weight
  • Reduced bulk of gyri and widening of sulci
  • Reduction of synaptic connections and neurons
  • Reduced biochemical activity
37
Q

The signs of NS ageing can be

A
  • Altered sleep patterns
  • Changes in mood, irritability
  • Loss of appetite, constipation
  • Loss of memory

Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions