Wk 5: ANS Flashcards

1
Q

ANS

A

component of the peripheral nervous system

Regulates involuntary physiologic processes

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2
Q

Hypothalamus

A

controls ANS and is responsible for basic survival strategies

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3
Q

Sympathetic origin of fibres

A

thoracolumbar region of spinal cord

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4
Q

Sympathetic length of fibres

A

Short preganglionic

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5
Q

Sympathetic location of ganglia

A

Close to spinal cord

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6
Q

Asympathetic origin of fibres

A

brain and sacral spinal cord

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7
Q

Asympathetic length of fibres

A

Long preganglionic

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8
Q

Asympathetic location of ganglia

A

In visceral effector organs

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9
Q

Sympathetic division functions

A

“Fight or Flight”

Promotes adjustments during exercise, or when threatened

  • Increased heart rate
  • Blood flow is shunted to muscles and heart
  • Bronchioles dilate
  • Liver releases glucose (from glycogen)
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10
Q

Parasympathetic division functions

A

Promotes maintenance activities and conserves body energy
After eating:

  • ↓ blood pressure, heart rate deceleration, ↓ respiration rate
  • Gastrointestinal tract activity is high
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11
Q

Sympathetic tone

A

keeps the blood vessels in a continual state of partial constriction

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12
Q

Special cases for SNS

A
  • Innervation of adrenal gland (one ganglionic neuron)
  • Innervation of sweat glands (release of Ach by post ganglionic neuron acting on muscarinic receptors in sweat glands)
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13
Q

Reflex

A

involuntary, fast and automatic response to a specific sensory stimulus

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14
Q

Areflexia

A

absence of reflexes

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15
Q

Hyperreflexia

A

Increased or overactive reflexes

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16
Q

Hyporeflexia

A

Decreased reflexes

17
Q

Reflexes can be

A

Innate
Visceral
Spinal
Mono

18
Q

Innate reflexes

A

neural reflexes, formed before birth and can disappeared with age

19
Q

Grasp reflex (innate)

A

grabbing object if object touch palm

20
Q

Moro reflex (innate)

A

protective motor response against abrupt disruption of body balance

21
Q

Visceral reflexes

A
  • Autonomic (e.g. control of heart rate)
  • Or somatic reflexes (e.g. stretch such as patellar reflex)
22
Q

Spinal reflexes

A

the spinal cord is the integration centre

  • Cranial reflexes where the brain is only the integration centre (e.g. pupillary reflex)
23
Q

Mono reflexes

A

one synapse involved (e.g. patellar reflex)

  • Or poly-synaptic: such as the crossed extensor reflex or withdrawal reflex.
24
Q

Components of a reflex arc

A

Sensory receptor
Motor neuron
Effector
Integrating centre
Sensory neuron

25
Sensory receptor
activated in response to stimulus
26
Motor neuron
neuron conducting impulses from integrating centre to effector
27
Effector
muscle or gland that responds to motor nerve impulses
28
Integrating centre
1+ regions within the CNS that relay impulse from sensory to motor neurons
29
Sensory neuron
conduct impulses from receptor to integrating centre
30
Somatic spinal reflexes are important reflexes since they can
* Contribute to posture and muscle tone * Lead to adjustment of muscle tone dependent on task * Compensate large disturbances
31
Types of spinal reflexes
Stretch Tendon Flexor or withdrawal reflex Crossed extensor reflex
32
Flexor or withdrawal reflex (spinal reflex)
when pain receptors (nociceptors) are activated it causes automatic withdrawal of the threatened body part
33
Crossed extensor reflex (spinal reflex)
complex reflex consisting of an ipsilateral withdrawal reflex and a contralateral extensor reflex
34
Stretch (spinal reflex)
usually monitor muscle length * Sensory receptors (muscled spindles) activate when a muscle is stretched
35
Tendon (spinal reflex)
monitors external tension produced during muscular contraction to prevent tendon damage. * Controls muscle tension by causing muscle relaxation * Receptor (golgi tendon organ) is in the tendon of the muscle * Activated by stretching of tendon
36
Ageing effects on nervous system
* Rapid decline in brain weight * Reduced bulk of gyri and widening of sulci * Reduction of synaptic connections and neurons * Reduced biochemical activity
37
The signs of NS ageing can be
* Altered sleep patterns * Changes in mood, irritability * Loss of appetite, constipation * Loss of memory