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Biology > Wk 3: metab & respiration > Flashcards

Wk 3: metab & respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Catabolic reactions

A
  • Breakdown larger/complex organic molecules into smaller ones
  • Release energy: produce more energy than they use (exergonic)
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2
Q

Anabolic reactions

A
  • Use simple molecules/monomers to make larger organic molecules
  • Consume energy: use more energy than they produce (endergonic)
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3
Q

Adenosine triphosphate

A

transfers energy released from exergonic (catabolic) reactions to power endergonic (energy requiring) reactions

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4
Q

ATP structure

A

Three phosphate groups attached to adenosine

Energy is stored in the phosphate bonds

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5
Q

Cellular respiration

A

the oxidation of glucose to produce ATP

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6
Q

OVERALL Cellular respiration

A
  • Glycolysis: 2 ATP (net gain)
  • Kreb’s cycle: 2 ATP
  • Electron transfer: 26-28 ATP
  • Total yield: 30-32 ATP
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7
Q

Cellular respiration equation

A

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 30-32 ATP + heat

Glucose + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide + ATP + heat

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8
Q

Epithelial tissue functions

A

COVERS
* Protection

  • Absorption
  • Filtration
  • Excretion
  • Secretion
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9
Q

Epithelial tissue characteristics

A

Avascular, cells tightly packed & no

extracellular matrix

  • Lining, covering
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10
Q

Epithelial classification by

A

Shape

Number of layers

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11
Q

Muscle tissue types

A
  • Skeletal
  • Smooth
  • Cardiac
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12
Q

Muscle tissue function

A

MOVES
contraction

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13
Q

Nervous tissue function

A

CONTROLS
Communication

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14
Q

Nervous tissue types

A
  • Neurons (nerve cells)
  • Neuroglia (support cells)
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15
Q

Connective tissue characteristics

A

Highly vascular, few cells, surrounded by extracellular matrix & contain ground substance

Rich supply of blood

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16
Q

Connective tissue functions

A

SUPPORT
* Support and bind other tissues

  • Provide insulation and protection (organs)
  • Stores energy reserves in adipose tissue
17
Q

Membranes

A

Physical barriers that line parts of the body

18
Q

Membranes consist of

A
  • An epithelium
  • Supporting connective tissue
19
Q

Mucous membrane

A

line digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts

coated with secretions of mucous glands

20
Q

Serous membrane

A

line body cavities closed to the exterior of the body

peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities

21
Q

Cutaneous membrane (skin)

A

covers bodies surface

22
Q

Synovial membrane

A

line joint cavities and produce the fluid within the joint

23
Q

Homeostasis

A

condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes

24
Q

Control of homeostasis which systems

A

Nervous and endocrine

  • Nervous system faster
  • Both use negative feedback systems
25
Q

Nervous system: controlling homeostasis

A

sends electrical messages (nerve impulse) along nerves to organs that counter the change

26
Q

Endocrine system: controlling homeostasis

A

sends chemical messages (hormones) from the glands into the blood

27
Q

Feedback systems

A

cycle of events in which body conditions are:

  • Monitored
  • Evaluated
  • Maintained/changed
  • Re-evaluated
28
Q

Feedback system components:

A

Controlled condition
Stimulus
Receptor
Control centre
Effector
Response

29
Q

Controlled condition (feedback system)

A

1) variable that is monitored

30
Q

Stimulus (feedback system)

A

2) any disruption to the controlled condition

31
Q

Receptor (feedback system)

A

3) detects the change and notifies the control centre

32
Q

Control centre (feedback system)

A

4) sets the range

  • receives information from the receptor
  • evaluates and processes the information (determines what action to take)
  • sends output commands to effector
33
Q

Effector (feedback system)

A

5) receives commands from the control centre and produces the response

34
Q

Response (feedback system)

A

6) effect that changes the controlled condition

35
Q

Negative feedback

A
  • Opposes the initial stimulus to reverse the change
  • Includes most homeostatic mechanisms
  • Used in conditions that need frequent adjustments
36
Q

Positive feedback

A
  • Enhances the stimulus to produce an even greater change
  • Loops are used when a large, rapid change is wanted to be produced

Biology (7 decks)

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