Wk 3: metab & respiration

Question 1

Catabolic reactions

Answer 1

• Breakdown larger/complex organic molecules into smaller ones
• Release energy: produce more energy than they use (exergonic)

Question 2

Anabolic reactions

Answer 2

• Use simple molecules/monomers to make larger organic molecules
• Consume energy: use more energy than they produce (endergonic)

Question 3

Adenosine triphosphate

Answer 3

transfers energy released from exergonic (catabolic) reactions to power endergonic (energy requiring) reactions

Question 4

ATP structure

Answer 4

Three phosphate groups attached to adenosine

Energy is stored in the phosphate bonds

Question 5

Cellular respiration

Answer 5

the oxidation of glucose to produce ATP

Question 6

OVERALL Cellular respiration

Answer 6

• Glycolysis: 2 ATP (net gain)
• Kreb’s cycle: 2 ATP
• Electron transfer: 26-28 ATP
• Total yield: 30-32 ATP

Question 7

Cellular respiration equation

Answer 7

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 30-32 ATP + heat

Glucose + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide + ATP + heat

Question 8

Epithelial tissue functions

Answer 8

COVERS
* Protection

• Absorption
• Filtration
• Excretion
• Secretion

Question 9

Epithelial tissue characteristics

Answer 9

Avascular, cells tightly packed & no

extracellular matrix

• Lining, covering

Question 10

Epithelial classification by

Answer 10

Shape

Number of layers

Question 11

Muscle tissue types

Answer 11

• Skeletal
• Smooth
• Cardiac

Question 12

Muscle tissue function

Answer 12

MOVES
contraction

Question 13

Nervous tissue function

Answer 13

CONTROLS
Communication

Question 14

Nervous tissue types

Answer 14

• Neurons (nerve cells)
• Neuroglia (support cells)

Question 15

Connective tissue characteristics

Answer 15

Highly vascular, few cells, surrounded by extracellular matrix & contain ground substance

Rich supply of blood

Question 16

Connective tissue functions

Answer 16

SUPPORT
* Support and bind other tissues

• Provide insulation and protection (organs)
• Stores energy reserves in adipose tissue

Question 17

Membranes

Answer 17

Physical barriers that line parts of the body

Question 18

Membranes consist of

Answer 18

• An epithelium
• Supporting connective tissue

Question 19

Mucous membrane

Answer 19

line digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts

coated with secretions of mucous glands

Question 20

Serous membrane

Answer 20

line body cavities closed to the exterior of the body

peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities

Question 21

Cutaneous membrane (skin)

Answer 21

covers bodies surface

Question 22

Synovial membrane

Answer 22

line joint cavities and produce the fluid within the joint

Question 23

Homeostasis

Answer 23

condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes

Question 24

Control of homeostasis which systems

Answer 24

Nervous and endocrine

• Nervous system faster
• Both use negative feedback systems

Question 25

Nervous system: controlling homeostasis

Answer 25

sends electrical messages (nerve impulse) along nerves to organs that counter the change

Question 26

Endocrine system: controlling homeostasis

Answer 26

sends chemical messages (hormones) from the glands into the blood

Question 27

Feedback systems

Answer 27

cycle of events in which body conditions are: * Monitored * Evaluated * Maintained/changed * Re-evaluated

Question 28

Feedback system components:

Answer 28

Controlled condition Stimulus Receptor Control centre Effector Response

Question 29

Controlled condition (feedback system)

Answer 29

1) variable that is monitored

Question 30

Stimulus (feedback system)

Answer 30

2) any disruption to the controlled condition

Question 31

Receptor (feedback system)

Answer 31

3) detects the change and notifies the control centre

Question 32

Control centre (feedback system)

Answer 32

4) sets the range * receives information from the receptor * evaluates and processes the information (determines what action to take) * sends output commands to effector

Question 33

Effector (feedback system)

Answer 33

5) receives commands from the control centre and produces the response

Question 34

Response (feedback system)

Answer 34

6) effect that changes the controlled condition

Question 35

Negative feedback

Answer 35

* Opposes the initial stimulus to reverse the change * Includes most homeostatic mechanisms * Used in conditions that need frequent adjustments

Question 36

Positive feedback

Answer 36

* Enhances the stimulus to produce an even greater change * Loops are used when a large, rapid change is wanted to be produced