Wk 1_Vid 5-6 Flashcards
synthesis and degradation of macromolecules:
condensation reactions:
link monomers together to form a polymer (macromolecule)
(water molecules are a product of the reaction)
synthesis and degradation of macromolecules:
hydrolysis (water lysis):
water is used as a reactant to break macromolecules back into their individual monomers
monosaccharide examples:
glucose
fructose
polysaccharide examples
starch
cellulose
glycogen
why can’t animals digest cellulose?
animals don’t have digestive enzymes necessary to break B-linkages that make up cllulose
why can cows digest cellulose?
they harbor microorganisms that have enzymes to break B-linkages (hydrolyze cellulose)
what organisms makes starch?
it’s the storage molecule for alpha-glucose in ___
plants
what organisms make glycogen?
it’s the storage molecule for alpha-glucose in ___
animals
is (starch/glycogen/cellulose) polymers of alpha- or beta-glucose monomers?
starch and glycogen –> alpha-glucose polymers
cellulose –> beta-glucose polymers
glycogen is stored in ___, ___, and other tissues the body
glycogen is ___ for energy
liver, muscles
broken down
describe branching of carbohydrate macromolecules:
cellulose
starch
glycogen
cellulose –> linear
starch –> branched
glycogen –> highly branched
branching of carbohydrate macromolecules:
more free ends in highly branched glycogen allow…
allow it to be broken down more quickly by multiple enzymes for energy
what are the monomers of cellulose?
what bonds hold those monomers together?
B-glucose
B-linkages
what are the monomers of starch/glycogen?
what are these monomers held together by?
alpha-glucose
alpha-linkages
