Wk 1_Vid 11-12 Flashcards
how many domains are prokaryotic cells divided into?
2
what are the 2 domains of prokaryotic cells?
bacteria (aka eubacteria)
archaea (extremophiles)
prokaryotic cells are small, but they are the dominant life forms on the planet in terms of ___ and ___
biomass
diversity
differences of prokaryotic structure from eukaryotic structure:
- no nucleus
- genetic material found in nucleoid
- no internal membrane system
similarities of prokaryotic structure to eukaryotic structure:
- have plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
- cytoplasm: a semi solid gel (cytosol) contains all the cell’s internal components
- 1 organelle: ribosomes, the universal organelle, responsible for building proteins
what is the structure of a prokaryotic cell?
pili (hair)
nucleoid (DNA)
ribosomes
capsule
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
cell wall
flagellum
describe eukaryotic cells and give examples
cells that contain a membrane-bound nucleus and an internal membrane system
animal cells, plant cells, fungal cells, protista cells
what is compartmentalization?
most distinctive feature of eukaryotic cells
compartments are membrane-bound
different compartments in a cell perform different functions
compartments are called “organelles”
what is the structure of an animal cell?
nucleus
nucleolus
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
end-membrane system (smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER))
rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
vesicles
mitochonrdion
structure of a plant cell (in addition to what animal cells have)
chloroplast
plasma membrane
cell wall
what is nuclear envelope?
a double lipid bilayer membrane that surrounds the nucleus (inner and outer bilayer)
describe the outer bilayer of the nuclear envelope
connected to the end-membrane system
describe nuclear pores of the outer bilayer in the nuclear envelope
passage thru the nuclear membranes that regulate transport
describe the nucleolus
an area in the nucleus where ribosome complexes are assembled
describe chromatin and its functions
DNA bound to proteins (histones)
stores genetic info, site of ribosome assembly, and RNA production