Week 2 Flashcards
endomembrane system components consists of a network of internal membranes made up of ___
lipid bilayers
endomembrane system components:
include what structures?
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- smooth (SER) –> no ribosomes
- rough (RER) –> has ribosomes on its surface
Golgi complex
vesicles
describe endoplasmic reticulum structure:
network of ___
wall of tubules composed of a ___
the space inside the tubes is called the ___
the smooth and rough ER are…
network of interconnected tubules
wall of tubules composed of a lipid bilayer
the space inside the tubes is called the lumen
the smooth and rough ER are interconnected with each other and the outer bilayer of the nuclear envelope
specialized functions of the SER:
site of ___
site of ___
site of ___
lipid synthesis
cholesterol and steroid synthesis
fatty acid desaturation
specialized functions of the RER:
site for ___
these ___ are used for…
synthesis of proteins bound for export from the cell, or for use in the endomembrane system
structure of Golgi apparatus:
series of ___
wall of tubes are a ___
cis face:
trans face:
flattened tubes (sacs)
lipid bilayer
cis face: receives transport vesicles from ER
trans face: sends secretory vesicles away from the Golgi
3 function of Golgi apparatus:
(1) proteins and other molecules may be modified
(2) molecules are sorted by eventual destination
(3) molecules are released in vesicles
describe the Rough ER
has ribosomes on its surface, primarily manufactures proteins
describe the smooth ER
no ribosomes, manufactures other macromolecules
describe vesicles
transport of molecules to and from the Golgi Complex
describe the Golgi complex
modifies, sorts, packages, and distributes macromolecules
journey through the endomembrane network
(1) proteins made in the RER
(2) transport vesicle: contains products
(3) Golgi apparatus –> chemical modifications
(4) secretory vesicles
(5) exocytosis
exocytosis (definition)
process by which material is exported out of the cell
a ___ fuses with the plasma membrane to release its contents out of the cell
example:
secretory vesicle
ex. insulin secretion
material can enter the cell by ___
endocytosis
the plasma membrane surrounds contents from outside the cell, trapping it in an ___
endocytic vesicle
the ___ surrounds contents from outside the cell, trapping it in an endocytic vesicle
plasma membrane
endocytosis can be a ___ process (using receptors), or ___ (taking up of water and nutrients)
specific == using receptors
passive == taking up water and nutrients
endocytosis can be a specific process (___), or passive (___)
specific == using receptors
passive == taking up water and nutrients
the endocytic vesicle will then fuse with another type of vesicle, a ___
lysosome
lysosomes are…
specialized vesicles that digest:
- material from outside the cell
- or material from inside the cell (“worn out” organelles)
primary lysosome (comes from the Golgi) contains ___
digestive enzymes
lysosomes fuse with ___ or other cellular organelles, to form a ___
endocytic vesicles
secondary lysosome
tuberculosis bacterium:
TB kills about ___ annually
2 million