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BMS200 > wk 13, lec 3 > Flashcards

wk 13, lec 3 Flashcards

1
Q

which parts of the eye do focusing

A

EOMs (extra ocular muscles), ciliary body and ciliary muscles, iris

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2
Q

which parts of the eye do transparency

A

cornea, lens, aqueous and vitreous humour

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3
Q

which parts of the eye do transduction

A

retina

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4
Q

which parts of the eye do projection

A

sclera, conjunctiva

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5
Q

refraction depends on

A

how far object is from the eye

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6
Q

how is light focused

A

lens focuses light onto retina

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7
Q

size of pupil changes, why

A

to focus light onto retina; makes pinhole

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8
Q

transduction of light signals into 2D map action potential via

A

photons convert into electrical signals and send to brain

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9
Q

physical, chemical and infectious damage- protection in the eye

A

 Sclera + fat in orbit
 Lacrimal and mucosal secretions
 Eyelids and lashes (cilia)

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10
Q

three layers (tunics) of the eye

A
  1. fibrous tunic
  2. vascular tunic (uvea)
    3.retina (neurosensory layer)
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11
Q

what makes up the fibrous tunic layer of the eye

A

scelera and cornea

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12
Q

function of fibrous tunic

A

o Support eye shape, protections, EOMs attach to sclera
o Refraction

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13
Q

sclera

opaque or transparent? try of epithelium? vasculature or avascular?

A

 opaque dense irregular CT- type I collagen, vasculature

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14
Q

cornea

transparent or opaque? how many layers? vascular or avascular? 2 names of membranes?

A

 transparent and avascular, 5 layers
 bowman membrane (barrier to infection)- epithelium
 descement membrane – endothelium to keep hydrated and transparent
 thick stroma- bundles of collagen (for transparency)

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15
Q

descement membrane in cornea for

A

keep hydrated and transparent

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16
Q

bowman membrane in cornea

A

barrier to infection

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17
Q

what is the name of the structure where the cornea and sclera merge

A

limbus

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18
Q

limbus (cornea and sclera merge) - what does it have? whats it a source of?

A

 bulbar conjunctiva
 source of stem cells

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19
Q

parts of the vascular tunic (urea)

A

choroid, ciliary body, iris

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20
Q

function of uvea

A

nutrients, absorb stray light

pupillary constriction and lens control

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21
Q

choroid- what type of membrane? vascular or avascular?

A

 Vascularized with melanocytes to absorb light

 Choroiocapillary lamina

 Bruch’s membrane- collagen and elastin to separate retina from choroid

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22
Q

Bruch’s membrane function

A
  • collagen and elastin to separate retina from choroid
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23
Q

cilia body is made of

A

ciliary muscles, ciliary processes, ciliary zonule

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24
Q

ciliary muscle connects

A

connects zonular fibrils via ciliary processes

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25
Q

ciliary processes

A

vascular, melanin to keep light from entering eye anywhere other than the pupil

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26
Q

ciliary zone

A
  • Zonular fibrils for suspensory ligament of the lens
27
Q

whats keeps light from entering eye anywhere other than the pupil

A

ciliary processes

28
Q

what is accomodation

A

the ability of the eyes to focus on objects that are near or far.

29
Q

retina (neurosesnroy layer) is for

A

o Signal transduction
o Initial processing of visual information
o Absorb stray light

30
Q

in which compartment is aqueous humour made

A

anterior compartment

31
Q

flow of aqueous humor

A
  • Circulates in posterior chamber to anterior chamber (through the pupil) of anterior compartment
32
Q

what secretes the aquesou humor

A
  • Vascular ciliary processes sercrete aqueous humour from posterior chamber
33
Q

functions of aqueous humor

A

carry metabolites, maintain envo for proper refraction

34
Q

if drainage impaired of aqueous humor what happens

A
  • If drainage impaired then increases intra-ocular pressure –> push back on retina and damage it
35
Q

where is aqueous humor drained/resorbed

A

scleral venous sinus

36
Q

how does scleral venous sinus drain/resborb aquesou humor

A

o Scleral venous sinus in limbus (where cornea and sclera merge)
o Trabecular meshwork to filter

37
Q

what can block the scleral venous sinus

A

o Iris can flop over it and block it

38
Q

iris is in what layer

A
  • Anterior part of uveal (vascular) layer
39
Q

what does the iris cover

A
  • Covers part of the lens (doesn’t cover pupil)
40
Q

iris is made of

A
  • Fibroblasts and melanocytes
41
Q

deep layer of the iris has

A
  • Deep layer has myofibroblasts and 2 muscles for pupil size
42
Q

2 muscles in iris

A

dilatory pupillae and sphincter pupillae muscles

43
Q

Dilatory pupillae muscles- PNS or SNS? found where?

A

o Dilatory pupillae muscles- SNS, along most of iris

44
Q

Sphincter pupillae muscles- PNS or SNS? found where?

A

PNS, along central iris

45
Q

dilatory vs sphincter pupillae muscles

A

o Dilatory pupillae muscles- SNS, along most of iris
o Sphincter pupillae muscles- PNS, along central iris

46
Q

vitreous body- transparent or opaque? made of? attaches to?

A
  • Transparent, gel like CT in posterior cavity
  • 99% water (also collagen fibrils and hyaluronate)
  • Halocytes build the ECM
  • Attaches to surface of retina at inner limiting membrane
47
Q

in embryology, what is retina made of

A

outpouching of diencephalon

48
Q

cells and barrier in retina

A

o astrocytes, microglial, muller cell (specialized glial cell)
o blood-retina barrier

49
Q

how many layers in the retina

A
  • nine layers
    o inner= close to vitreous
    o outer= close to choroid
50
Q

rods and cones of the retina function

A

transduce light information (NT release)

51
Q

bipolar cells, ganglion cells, axons of ganglion cells function in the retina

A

line of communication from rods and cones to the optic nerve

52
Q

horizontal cells and amacrine cells function in the retina

A

: interneurons that modify activity of many things

53
Q

pigment epithelium in the retina function

A

support rods and cones, lie on Bruch’s membrane

54
Q

how does optic nerve and rods and cones communicate

A

via bipolar cells, ganglion cells, axons of ganglion cells:

55
Q

where are the most amount of rods found? cones found?

A

o Most cone [ ] at fovea

o Most rods in rest of retina

56
Q

physiologic blind spot

A

no photoreceptors over optic nerve

57
Q

what embryo structure is the lens derived from

A

ectoderm

58
Q

is lens transparent or opaque

A

transparent

59
Q

lens fibers have what is periphery vs centre

A

o Viable cells at periphery, center has mature lens fibers that lost nuclei and become packed with crystallins

60
Q

presbyopia

A

loss of elasticity in lens with age

61
Q

cataracts

A

opacities in the lens

62
Q

acommodation in the lens for distant vision

lens flattens or rounds? ciliary muscle contract or relax?

A

lens flattens, ciliary muscle relaxes and ciliary body holds ciliary zonule taut

63
Q

acommodation in the lens for near vision

lens flattens or rounds? ciliary muscle contract or relax?

A

ciliary muscles contract, change shape of ciliary body, relax tension on ciliary zonule, lens becomes more rounded

64
Q
A

BMS200 (43 decks)

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