quiz 6

Question 1

Choose the TRUE statement regarding restrictive cardiomyopathies.
Question 1 Answer

a.
Most restrictive cardiomyopathies are caused by myocarditis.

b.
Restrictive cardiomyopathies cause deficits in systolic function, not diastolic function.

c.
Restrictive cardiomyopathies usually present with HFpEF.

d.
Restrictive cardiomyopathies preferentially affect the right ventricle more than the left.

Answer 1

c.
Restrictive cardiomyopathies usually present with HFpEF.

Question 2

Choose the TRUE statement about Lp(a) (lipoprotein A):
Question 2 Answer

a.
Lp(a) is unique in that it lacks cholesterol esters

b.
Most of the oxidized phospholipids present in the circulation are carried by Lp(a)

c.
Lp(a) has a protein “shell” on the exterior that closely resembles Factor XII of the coagulation pathway

d.
Lp(a) closely resembles chylomicrons in structure

Answer 2

b.
Most of the oxidized phospholipids present in the circulation are carried by Lp(a)

Question 3

Which characteristic causes a plaque to be unstable?
Question 3 Answer

a.
More myofibroblasts and smooth muscle within the fibrous cap

b.
Increased collagen content in the fibrous cap

c.
Increased metalloproteinase activity within the fibrous cap

d.
Release of NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps) in a thrombus

Answer 3

c.
Increased metalloproteinase activity within the fibrous cap

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?
Question 4 Answer

a.
At least two of hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized behaviour must be present for a diagnosis of schizophrenia

b.
At least one of hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech must be present for a diagnosis of schizophrenia

c.
Active symptoms of schizophrenia must be present for two weeks without treatment before a diagnosis can be made

d.
Presence of negative symptoms strongly suggests a schizoaffective disorder instead of schizophrenia

Answer 4

b.
At least one of hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech must be present for a diagnosis of schizophrenia

Question 5

Which of the following messengers are linked to migraines when their levels increase?
Question 5 Answer

a.
CGRP

b.
Prostaglandin E2

c.
Nitric oxide

d.
Epinephrine

Answer 5

a.
CGRP

Question 6

Choose the TRUE statement about dopamine neurophysiology in schizophrenia:
Question 6 Answer

a.
Reduced inhibition of hippocampal activity results in excessive stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA).

b.
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons project to the basal ganglia and release serotonin, which regulates the release of dopamine from the striatum.

c.
Blockade of D1 receptors usually improves the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

d.
“Phasic firing” of dopaminergic neurons refers to regular, slow “pacemaker-like” activity.

Answer 6

a.
Reduced inhibition of hippocampal activity results in excessive stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA).