quiz 7 Flashcards
Choose the TRUE statement regarding essential (primary) hypertension.
Question 1 Answer
a.
Patients with essential hypertension have reduced production of angiotensin II as their kidneys attempt to adapt to chronically increased blood pressure.
b.
Long-term essential hypertension is usually reversible if the underlying cause can be identified and treated.
c.
Essential hypertension is less common than secondary hypertension.
d.
Increased arteriole tone and wall thickness are important pathophysiologic features of essential hypertension.
d.
Increased arteriole tone and wall thickness are important pathophysiologic features of essential hypertension.
Choose the TRUE statement regarding Raynaud phenomenon.
Question 2 Answer
a.
Raynaud phenomenon can cause cardiac ischemia if it is not treated properly
b.
Raynaud phenomenon is usually precipitated by hot temperatures
c.
Raynaud phenomenon is sometimes associated with systemic autoimmune disorders
d.
Raynaud phenomenon tends to involve the feet more often than the hands.
c.
Raynaud phenomenon is sometimes associated with systemic autoimmune disorders
Choose the TRUE statement regarding temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis).
Question 3 Answer
a.
Temporal arteritis usually affects small vessels of the head and neck
b.
Younger men are the population that is most at risk of developing temporal arteritis
c.
The major complication of temporal arteritis is ischemia of the optic nerve
d.
Temporal arteritis is one of the rare types of vasculitis
c.
The major complication of temporal arteritis is ischemia of the optic nerve
Which of the following is a typical symptom of a large, acute increase in blood pressure?
Question 4 Answer
a.
Lightheadedness
b.
Abdominal pain
c.
Diarrhea
d.
Blurred vision
d.
Blurred vision
Which of the following are the MOST characteristic of atrial fibrillation?
Question 5 Answer
a.
Severe hypotension due to conduction delay within the ventricles
b.
An increased risk of developing obstructive shock due to pericarditis
c.
A regularly regular ventricular tachycardia at rates of up to 250/minute
d.
An increased risk of developing intra-cardiac thrombi and stroke
d.
An increased risk of developing intra-cardiac thrombi and stroke
How does a 1st degree heart block differ from a 3rd degree heart block?
Question 6 Answer
a.
In a 3rd degree heart block most impulses from the atria are conducted to the ventricles, but not all. All impulses from the atria arrive at the ventricles in a 1st degree heart block
b.
In a 3rd degree heart block, no atrial impulses are conducted to the ventricles. In a 1st degree heart block, all impulses from the atria arrive at the ventricles
c.
The P-R interval is longer in a 1st degree heart block than a 3rd degree heart block
d.
In a 1st degree heart block, the QRS interval and P-Q interval are both pathologically prolonged. In a 3rd degree heart block only the P-Q interval is prolonged.
b.
In a 3rd degree heart block, no atrial impulses are conducted to the ventricles. In a 1st degree heart block, all impulses from the atria arrive at the ventricles
What pathological process is responsible for the chaotic atrial rhythm of atrial fibrillation?
Question 7 Answer
a.
Triggered activity
b.
Increased automaticity
c.
Decreased automaticity
d.
Re-entry
d.
Re-entry
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a normal sinus rhythm?
Question 8 Answer
a.
The Q-T interval must be constant
b.
The P-R interval must be constant
c.
there must be a QRS after every P wave
d.
there must be P wave before every QRS
a.
The Q-T interval must be constant
What is characteristic of Stage 2 non-REM sleep?
Question 9 Answer
a.
Theta rhythm
b.
Delta rhythm
c.
K complexes
d.
Slow waves
c.
K complexes
What is NOT true regarding REM sleep?
Question 10 Answer
a.
Nine to ten REM periods occur per night.
b.
Proportion of REM sleep is high in premature infants.
c.
REM sleep dreams are longer, more visual, and emotional compared to non-REM sleep.
d.
There is decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex during REM periods.
a.
Nine to ten REM periods occur per night.
What are the neurotransmitters that are used by the ascending arousal neurons to promote wakefulness?
Question 11 Answer
a.
Serotonin
b.
Dopamine
c.
All of the above
d.
Histamine
c.
All of the above
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding synthesis of melatonin?
Question 12 Answer
a.
N-acetyl-transferase converts tyrosine into serotonin
b.
Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase transfers a methyl group to N-acetylserotonin
c.
Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase transfers a hydroxyl group to N-acetylserotonin
d.
N-acetyl-transferase coverts tryptophan into serotonin
b.
Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase transfers a methyl group to N-acetylserotonin
