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VTT 110 > wk 11 study questions > Flashcards

wk 11 study questions Flashcards

1
Q

four different methods to obtain a urine sample

A

Voided sample, manual expression, cystocentesis, urethral catheterization

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2
Q

where to store urine sample until use

A

refrigerator

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3
Q

There is a 25lb animal in intensive care. You have been assigned to monitor the
animal’s urine output. If the animal has normal renal function, what should be its
normal urine output per hour?

A

1-2ml/kg/hr; 25lbs =11.4 kg 11-22ml/hr

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4
Q

You have just placed a urethral catheter to obtain a urine sample. The directions for the procedure states that the 1st 3-5 ml of urine should be drawn into a separate syringe, then detached and a new syringe attached for aspirating the sample. Why is this part of the procedure performed?

A

The first few mls of the sample may be
contaminated

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5
Q

What is the “best” method of obtaining urine samples for bacterial culturing? Why?

A

Cyctocentesis-sterile collection

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6
Q

What is the most common reason that male cats must be catheterized?

A

To relieve urethral obstruction

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7
Q

What size urethral catheter is commonly used for male cats?

A

3.5 FR

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8
Q

What position(s) are animals normally restrained in for cystocentesis?

A

Dorsal recumbency, standing or lateral also

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9
Q

What size needle (gauge and length) should be used when performing
cystocentesis?

A

22g X 1 ½

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10
Q

What precautions should be taken when performing cystocentesis?

A

Carefully palpate bladder, use hand to keep bladder in place, make sure animal is not struggling, insert needle quickly and smoothly into bladder

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11
Q

Physiologically, what is the purpose of the structure called urethra?

A

Carries urine from bladder outside of body

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12
Q

the clinical applications for urethral catheterization in veterinary practice

A

a. Collect urine sample for testing
b. Administer medications into the bladder
c. Radiographic studies
d. Monitor urine output
e. Relieve urethral obstruction

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13
Q

What are two possible complications of urethral catheterization in a male dog?

A

Iatrogenic infection, urethral or bladder trauma

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14
Q

What is the preferred position for urethral catheterization in the male dog?

A

Lateral recumbency

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15
Q

Antiseptic solution such as Nolvasan (Chlorhexidine) is recommended for use in the urethral catheterization procedure. For what part of the procedure is it used?

A

Cleansing the tip of the penis

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16
Q

You are preparing to obtain a urine sample from a male dog via urethra
catheterization. The dog weighs 78lbs. What size urethral catheter should you
select to perform the procedure?

A

12 FR

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17
Q

four types of urethral catheters available

A

Metal, rubber, polypropylene, Foley

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18
Q

The unit of measurement that urethral catheters are measured in is?

A

french

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19
Q

Why is it important that you select the proper size urethral catheter?

A

To prevent urethral trauma

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20
Q

Describe a Foley catheter and explain when we might want to choose this type of urethral catheter

A

The Foley catheter has a balloon in which we can inject air; helps keep the catheter in place used for indwelling catheter placement in dogs

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21
Q

What is an iatrogenic infection and what precautions should be taken to prevent it
when placing a urethral catheter?

A

It is an infection caused by the procedure we must use aseptic/sterile procedures such as clipping the hair, cleansing the penis, wearing sterile gloves, using sterile lubricant, and a sterile catheter

22
Q

It is recommended that the approximate length that the urethral catheter must be
passed in the male dog be predetermined before actual catheterization. What complication(s) could occur if not done?

A

Trauma to the bladder wall if too long,
knotting on itself

23
Q

The retractable covering over the male dogs penis

A

prepuce

24
Q

During the urethral catheterization procedure, who should retract the dog’s prepuce?

A

restrainer

25
Q

Resistance may be encountered when passing the catheter into the male dog’s
urethra. At what anatomical locations is this most likely to occur?

A

os penis, ischial arch, prostate gland

26
Q

Many animals do not tolerate having a urethral catheter in place long term. What
can be done to limit the animal’s ability to remove the catheter?

A

Place an Elizabethan collar

27
Q

What steps should be taken to prevent infection if the animal has a long-term
urethral catheter in place?

A

Clean connection between catheter and IV line, place antibiotic ointment around end of catheter

28
Q

How often should an indwelling urinary catheter be replaced?

A

every 4-5 days

29
Q

You have obtained a diagnostic quality urine sample by urinary catheterization.
What information about the procedure should you record in the pet’s medical chart?

A

Date, time, type and size of catheter, amount of sample obtained, any medications instilled, any comments, your initials

30
Q

Prior to placing a urethral catheter in a female dog, the vulva should be cleansed
with an antiseptic. Give the name of a product we might use

A

Nolvasan or Chlorhexidine solution

31
Q

The 3 different types of female urethral catheters available are?

A

Metal, red rubber, polypropylene

32
Q

You need to catheterize a female dog named Molly. She weighs 20lbs. What size urethral catheter should be used?

A

8FR

33
Q

What position is the awake female dog restrained in for urethral catheterization?

A

standing

34
Q

What can be done prior to female catheterization to reduce the animal’s discomfort?

A

Administer topical anesthetic into the vulva

35
Q

When using a speculum to pass the urethral catheter through, why must it be
directed dorsally first, then cranially?

A

To avoid the clitoral fossa

36
Q

What is the clitoral fossa? Where is it located? Why must it be avoided when
placing a urethral catheter?

A

Blind sac just inside the opening to the vulva, will be painful

37
Q

When placing a urethral catheter in the female dog using the “visual technique”,
what instrument(s) can be used to locate the urethral opening?

A

Type of speculum with a light source such as otoscope w/speculum, laryngoscope blade, vaginal speculum

38
Q

It is important to know the approximate location of the urethral opening (orifice)
when placing a urethral catheter. Anatomically speaking where is the opening in relation to the vagina and vulva?

A

Approximately 3-5cm or 1-2 inches from the opening of the vagina/vulva

39
Q

How long is the female dog’s urethra?

A

3-5 inches

40
Q

The approximate distance in inches from the vulva to the urethra opening is?

A

1-2 inches

41
Q

The total approximate length the catheter must be passed to reach the bladder
is?

A

4.5-8 inches (3-5 + 1-2 + 0.5-1)

42
Q

Manual compression of the bladder after a urethral catheter is in place is not
recommended because?

A

You could cause the catheter to damage the wall of the bladder and possibly rupture the bladder

43
Q

What information concerning the urethral catheterization procedure should be
entered in the patient’s medical chart?

A

Date, time, type an size of catheter, amount of sample obtained, any medication instilled, any comments, your initials

44
Q

What information should be included on the label of a urine sample once collected?

A

Owner name, pet name, date & time collected, how the sample was collected

45
Q

How does the tactile method for urethral catheterization differ from the visual
technique?

A

The tactile method is a blind technique, visual is using a speculum to visualize the opening

46
Q

What is the urethral papilla? Where is it located?

A

It is a 0.5-1.5 cm round firm mass 1-2 inches cranial to the vulva

47
Q

What anatomical landmarks can be used to locate the urethral papilla?

A

Ventral surface of vagina floor 1-2 inches from opening of the vulva

48
Q

to locate the urethral papilla how far should the index finger be inserted?

A

It is approximately to your second knuckle

49
Q

What is the best time of day to collect a urine sample? Why?

A

First sample in the morning-most concentrated

50
Q

If a pet owner brings in a voided urine sample for testing where should the sample be stored until we can run the tests?

A

refrigerator

51
Q

When collecting a urine sample by urethral catheterization, what should be done to keep the contents of the urethra from contaminating the sample?

A

sterile supplies - let first bit run through and then collect remaining amount (?)

VTT 110 (12 decks)

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