study questions wk 5 Flashcards
artial
pertaining to atrium
bilateral
pertaining to both left and right sides; two sides
bradycardia
a slow heart rate
cardiac
pertaining to heart
crepitations
crackling sound from an inflamed lung
cryptorchid
hidden testicles; absence of testicles
epiglottis
door for laryngeal opening; flap of cartilage at root of tongue
gingival mucosa
gums; portion of oral mucous membrane that covers necks of teeth and areolar process of jaws
hard palate
rostral portion of palate
larynx
entryway to trachea and lower airways
monorchid
only having one testicle
neoplasia
new formation of cancer
perineal area
area around anus
pharyngeal area
throat
pharynx
tube starting behind nose down to the top of trachea and esophagus
prepuce
protective skin over non erect penis
pyometra
uterine infection; uterus full of puss
rhonchi
large airway sounds; gurgling or bubbling sounds during inhalation and exhalation
sheath
covering structure; membrane covering
soft palate
muscular part at the back of the roof of the mouth; behind hard palate
symmetry
the same size, shape, and position of the parts on opposite sides of dividing line
tachycardia
fast heart beat
unilateral
referring to one side
venous
full or characterized by veins; pertaining to veins
ventricular
pertaining to ventricle
Describe the postures that dogs and cats commonly assume when they are experiencing respiratory distress
Dogs may be hunched over, or have their neck extended gasping for air; cats may have open mouth breathing and/or panting
A cat is in the hospital overnight for castration tomorrow. You observe it sneezing repeatedly. Why should you notify the veterinarian immediately?
Upper respiratory diseases are very contagious!
common reasons for increased and decreased respiratory rates
Increased: Excitement, fear, pain, stress Decreased: shock
You are auscultating a dog’s respiratory system? To auscultate all areas, how many locations should you listen at?
Minimum of 5 quadrants (right and left sides) as well as over the trachea
When auscultating the lungs of dogs and cats, what differences should you expect to hear or not hear when listening to each?
Dogs-respirations can be heard on both inspiration and expiration, cats easier on inspiration
What is cardiac arrhythmia? How would it be detected during the PE?
An abnormal heart rhythm during auscultation
If a cardiac arrhythmia is detected during a PE, what test is the veterinarian likely to order to confirm the finding?
ecg electrocardiogram
bounding pulse
Character of pulse is much harder than a normal pulse against the fingers
You are observing an animal while it is sitting in its cage. You can see its jugular vein pulsating. Is this normal? If not what does this observation. indicate?
No the jugular pulse should not be visible; possibly right sided heart failure
You are examining a dog. The normal color of its mucous membranes should be? Observing the oral MM color gives what information?
Pink, normal perfusion status
You observe the MM of several animals. One is of normal color, another is pale, and the 3rd has cyanotic mucous membranes. Describe the color of each and what the
color means physiologically.
Normal=pink normal perfusion, pale=palor/white decreased perfusion, cyanotic=blueish tint decreased oxygen
How is the CRT determined? What information does this test give?
Press finger to mucous membrane and release count amount of time the membrane takes to return to normal color. Perfusion status
What is the normal CRT for dogs and cats?
1-2 seconds
You are assessing a cat that was hit by a car. You determine that its MM color is “pale” and it has a CRT greater than 2 seconds. What do these findings suggest is happening physiologically?
Possible shock/decreased perfsusion
A complete examination of the GI system also includes an examination of
a. oral cavity
b. pharynx
c. rectum
d. anus
How would you describe the location of the anal sacs?
Approximate 5 and 7 o’clock
During normal abdominal palpation of dogs which organ(s) should be palpable? Cats?
Spleen, bladder, intestines; same as dogs but also may be able to palpate the kidneys
You are examining an intact 6-year old female dog. There is a very foul smelling greenish-black discharge coming from the dog’s vagina. Would this be considered normal? What condition might this discharge indicate?
No, possible sign of pyometra (uterine infection)
Your friend Mrs. Johannes is bringing her new dog Polly into the clinic for a “new pet” checkup. Polly was adopted from the local animal shelter. Therefore, very little is known about her. Mrs. Johannes does not want Polly to have puppies. She wants to know if her dog has already been spayed. Dr. Paul directs you to obtain the preliminary history and PE. During the PE, you might be able to
determine if an OVH has been performed. What would you look for?
Look for possible scar, also dogs and cats may be tattooed with a blue mark
How would you determine if Polly had any cystic growths or nodules affecting her mammary gland?
Palpate each mammary gland for abnormal lumps
What structure are the testicles located in? How does the location of this structure differ in the male dog and male cat?
testicles are located in the
scrotum; male dog they are located more ventrally; male cat they are just below the perineal area
You are examining a 7-year old male poodle. He has a very small amount of yellowish discharge at the tip of his prepuce. Is this normal?
Yes especially if he is intact
