13-14 study questions Flashcards
What important information needs to be collected first from a client who calls with and emergency?
Name and phone number
The initial triage sorts patients into three groups what are those groups?
- need immediate care
- need to be taken to the treatment area for other reasons
- can wait with owner
List two examples of life-threatening emergencies which need immediate treatment
- respiratory distress
- life-threatening bleeding
A brief targeted exam is performed during the primary survey of trauma patients. What do the ABC’s stand for?
A= Airway/Attitude
B= Breathing, Bleeding
C= Cardiovascular, circulation
Tachypnea
increased respiratory rate
Bradypnea
decreased respiratory rate
Inspiratory dyspnea
long, slow inspirations short exhalations
Expiratory dyspnea
increased abdominal effort on expiration
Labored breathing
prolonged and deep
Orthopnea
maintaining a specific posture to ease breathing; Neck extended, Elbows abducted, Crouching, Distress or aggression
Give two examples of abnormal MM colors and what that color might indicate
a. Blue, purple or dusky-needs supplemental O2 Immediately
b. Brick red, brown or injected (mottled pink, purple or red) could indicate
dangerous conditions i.e. sepsis
Decreased or dull lung sounds
diaphragmatic hernia, severe pulmonary contusions, pneumothorax
Increased or harsh sounds or crackles
pulmonary edema, or contusions
Borborygmi
diaphragmatic hernia, but can also be referred from the abdomen
When performing the cardiovascular examination what would decreased mentation indicate?
Can indicate shock
Tachycardia
compensation for shock, pain, anxiety, or combination
Bradycardia
life-threatening arrhythmia, or if urethral obstruction extremely
elevated potassium
If an animal has experienced a Traumatic brain injury the patient’s mentation must be evaluated. List the three stages of abnormal mentation
a. Dull/obtunded
b. Stuporous
c. Comatose
List the three classic postures for neurologic injury
a. Decerebrate posture-extreme rigidity of all four legs
b. Decerebellate posture-rigid forelimbs and flexed hindlimbs (normal mentation)
c. Schiff-Scherington-Can mimic the previous two. When animal is on its side the forelimbs are rigid and the hindlimbs are flaccid. Normal mentation and often can ambulate with assistance
During the quick abdominal palpation what are three symptoms are you observing for?
a. Pain
b. Tympany (gas filled)
c. A fluid wave
What are the symptoms/signs of abdominal pain?
- Arched back (shown)
- “Praying” posture
List common causes of dehydration
Vomiting, diarrhea, excessive panting, or polyuria
What are the clinical signs of dehydration?
Tacky or dry mucous membranes
Lack of skin turgor, poor Mental status, acute drop in Body weight
Hypovolemia
loss of blood volume
List the symptoms of hypovolemic shock
Tachycardia, Weak pulses, Hypotension
Prolonged CRT
What should an emergency care station in a veterinary practice consist of?
a. Easily accessible
b. Clean and well-stocked
c. Equipment organized and labeled
d. Oxygen source
e. Suction apparatus
f. Crash cart
g. Functional clippers
What should be stored in a crash cart?
a. Emergency medications
b. Needles
c. Syringes
d. Laryngoscope
e. Endotracheal tubes
f. Ambu bag
g. Instrument packs
h. Red rubber catheters
i. Large bore intravenous catheter
Shock
Altered blood flow or impaired delivery of oxygen to tissues
five types of shock
a. Hypovolemic
b. Distributive
c. Obstructive
d. Cardiogenic
e. Septic
three possible complications of shock
- Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
cardiopulmonary arrest
Cessation of spontaneous respirations and lack of a
perfusing heart rhythm
What are three common causes of cardiac arrest?
a. occurs as the terminal event in chronic disease
b. Complication of any critical illness
c. Potential complication in healthy patients undergoing anesthesia
What do the CAB’s of life support stand for?
C=Compressions
A=Airway
B=Breathing
What is the first step if you must begin basic life support?
call for help
When would the doctor begin advanced life support techniques?
If the patient is still in cardiac arrest after 2-3 minutes
several ways to supply oxygen to a patient in respiratory distress
nasal prongs, flow-by, face mask, oxygen cage
What are the immediate goals for spinal or orthopedic injuries? (correct order)
a. Maintain perfusion
b. Fluids
c. Pain medications
d. Supportive bandaging
e. Wound care
What does GDV stand for?
Gastric dilatation volvulus
List all possible clinical signs of pain in pets
a. Vocalization
b. Depression
c. Anorexia
d. Tachypnea
e. Tachycardia
f. Abnormal blood pressure
g. Pale mucous membranes
h. Aggression
i. Abnormal postures
j. Hypersalivation
k. Dilated pupils
What are the possible effects of untreated pain?
Causes stress and triggers harmful physiological changes that prolong recovery
What are the side effects of urethral obstruction?
Strain to urinate, Become Stuporous, Hypovolemic shock, Hyperkalemia
If a client calls to report that their pet has ingested a toxic substance what important information must you remind them to bring with them?
label of what they ate
When taking a history for a patient which has ingested a toxic substance what are the critical questions we should ask?
a. What did the animal ingest?
b. When did the animal ingest it?
c. Is the animal showing any clinical signs?
d. Was the ingestion witnessed or suspected?
e. Are there other animals or children who could also be exposed?
