Witwer

Question 1

what tissues do breast cancers arise from

Answer 1

parenchymal lobar, lobular, and/or ductal

Question 2

inflammatory aggressive cancers infiltrate

Answer 2

breast

skin

Question 3

benign breast masses (6)

Answer 3

cysts

fibroadenomas

fibrocystic changes

lipomas

fat necrosis

lymph nodes

Question 4

2 types of mammography

Answer 4

screening

diagnostic

Question 5

screening mammography is used for

Answer 5

asymptomatic women

routine check ups based on standardized guidelines

Question 6

diagnostic mammography is used when there is

Answer 6

clinical finding of concern

symptomatic women

positive screening mammogram

Question 7

cystic findings on mammography

Answer 7

thin walls

no solid components

clear homogenous fluid

sharp, smooth complete margins

low density

Question 8

benign calcifications are (3)

Answer 8

large

coarse

smooth

Question 9

what do you think when you see: small, fine, polymorphic grouped calcifications

Answer 9

malignant calcifications

Question 10

what do you think when you see, irregular spiculated margins

Answer 10

malignant calcifications

Question 11

in terms of size, benign calcifications tend to be __

and malignant calcifications tend to be __

Answer 11

large

small

Question 12

3 examples of low density, benign mammography findings

Answer 12

cysts

lipomas

galactoceles

Question 13

limitations of mammography in breast ca evaluation (lots!)

Answer 13

evaluating 3D object w. 2D imaging → overlapping appearance of masses and calcifications

breast tissue is very variable/wide range of normal

false negatives: 8-10%

also false positives

Question 14

what type of breast is esp difficult to evaluate w. mammography

Answer 14

breast implants

Question 15

in the US, gestational age is determined by

Answer 15

first day of LMP → ~14 days prior to time of conception

Question 16

full term pregnancy is __ weeks

with a range of __

Answer 16

40 weeks

38-42 weeks

Question 17

actual age of fetus from fertilization to conception

Answer 17

fetal age

Question 18

fetal age is usually __ weeks < gestational age

Answer 18

2

Question 19

fetal development: 0-8 weeks

Answer 19

embryo

Question 20

0-delivery

Answer 20

fetus

Question 21

the gestational sac appears at __ weeks

Answer 21

4

Question 22

the yolk sac appears at

Answer 22

5 weeks

Question 23

fetal heart is first seen at __ weeks

Answer 23

6-7

Question 24

what determines the age and location of the embryo/fetus

Answer 24

US

Question 25

if you do not see expected fetus/embryo, think __

Answer 25

ectopic pregnancy

Question 26

what determines the management of labor

Answer 26

biophysical profile

Question 27

what does the biophysical profile evaluate

Answer 27

well being of fetus

Question 28

biophysical profile < __ is associated w. fetal hypoxemia/acidemia

Answer 28

8-10

Question 29

3 hemorrhagic conditions of pregnancy

Answer 29

subchorionic hemorrhage

placental praevia

abruptio placenta

Question 30

inner and outer membranes surrounding the fetus

Answer 30

inner: chorionic membrane
outer: amniotic sac

Question 31

hemorrhage btw uterine wall and chorionic membrane → strips placenta from its attachment

Answer 31

subchorionic hemorrhage

Question 32

placenta covers cervical oz → vaginal bleeding

Answer 32

placental praevia

Question 33

bleeding btw placenta and uterine wall → prematurely separates placenta from uterine wall → strips placenta from maternal blood supply

Answer 33

abruptio placenta

Question 34

in terms of tx, abruptio placenta is a

Answer 34

medical emergency!

Question 35

what do you think when you see:

vaginal bleeding in post menopausal woman PLUS endometrial thickness > 5mm

Answer 35

endometrial ca

Question 36

what do you think when you see:

NO vaginal bleeding BUT endometrial thickness > 11 mm

Answer 36

also endometrial ca

Question 37

what do you do if you suspect endometrial ca

Answer 37

D&C

Question 38

what is a D&C

Answer 38

dilation of cervix → remove endometrial tissue for eval

Question 39

4 changes to ovarian and uterine anatomy w. age

Answer 39

vaginal walls thinner, dryer, less elastic

uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries shrink

loss of muscle and CT

decrease in estrogen

Question 40

2 types of US used to evaluate pelvis

Answer 40

transabdominal

transvaginal

Question 41

transabdominal US uses __ as a window,

and the transducer is placed on the __

Answer 41

full bladder

anterior lower abd

Question 42

in a transvaginal US, the transducer is placed __

Answer 42

into the vagina

duh

Question 43

benefit of transvaginal US

Answer 43

much greater resolution

Question 44

use caution w. transvaginal US in what 2 pt pops

Answer 44

young

virginal