Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clin Med II - Exam 5 > Paulson - Disorders of the Breast and Lactation > Flashcards

Paulson - Disorders of the Breast and Lactation Flashcards

1
Q

found along the milk line

not dangerous

may increase w. hormonal changes in pregnancy

A

supernumerary nipple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

milk line

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

enlargement/swelling of breast tissue that can be unilateral or bilateral

A

gynecomastia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gynecomastia is an indicator of increased __

A

estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what 2 male pt populations are often affected by gynecomastia dt

A

males during puberty

elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why do elderly males experience gynecomastia

A

decreased testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

breast tenderness that is often cyclical dt hormonal changes

A

mastodynia (same-same mastalgia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what patients often experience mastodynia/mastalgia

A

women taking OCPs/HRT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tx for mastodynia/mastalgia

A

reassurance

vit B6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is this showing?

A

mastitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mastitis is an __ of the breast,

often caused by __

A

infection

staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mastitis mc occurs in __

dt __

A

lactating women

poor latch/incomplete emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sx of mastitis

A

unilateral tenderness

heat

significant f/c

body aches

flu-like sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mastitis is unilateral and affects __ of the breast

A

one quadrant/lobule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is culture of purulent milk/material commonly used for mastitis

A

no!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tx for mastitis

A

abx: dicloxacillin OR cephalosporin

warm compress

+/- surgery if abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

can women breastfeed w. mastitis

A

yes!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

painful swollen area of redness, tenderness, and induration (filled w. pus)

A

breast abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pt at risk for breast absess

A

lactating women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tx for breast abscess

A

I&D

abx → dicloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what type of breast abscess might you see in a non lactating woman

A

subareolar abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do you think when you see refractory breast abscess

A

inflammatory breast ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what sx might especially make you consider inflammatory breast ca in a pt w. a refractory breast abscess

A

axillary LAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is this showing

A

fat necrosis of the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what might you see on a hx with a pt that has fat necrosis of the breast (2)
trauma/surgery beast bx, surgery, or xrt
26
fat necrosis of the breast is a __ condition, but may look like __ on imaging, and needs __ for definitive dx
benign carcinoma bx
27
do you need to treat fat necrosis of the breast
no! → excision not needed *no increased risk for breast ca*
28
mc benign condition of the breast
fibrocystic breast changes
29
fibrocystic breast changes are usually \_\_ and \_\_, and are related to \_\_
bilateral mobile hormonal changes
30
what distinguishes fibrocystic breast changes from carcinoma
multiple lesions
31
pt's w. fibrocystic breast changes may experience __ (2) during __ (2)
cyclic pain, breast tenderness premenstruation and menstruation
32
tx for fibrocystic breast changes
supportive bra avoid caffeine, low fat diet, vitamin E, primrose oil
33
benign solid tumor containing glandular and fibrous tissue
fibroadenoma
34
2nd mc benign breast d.o
fibroadenoma
35
fibroadenoma is more common in what pt populations (2)
young women AA women
36
describe fibroadenomas
round/ovoid firm smooth rubbery discrete mobile non-tender
37
management of fibroadenoma
core needle bx OR 3-6 mo f.u w. repeat US/breast exam +/- surgery or cryoablation
38
fibrocystic changes may be \_\_, whereas fibroadenomas are typically \_\_
painful painless
39
fibrocystic changes may need __ for dx, fibroadenomas need \_\_
needle aspiration bx
40
3 types of nipple discharge
normal lactation galactorrhea pathologic nipple discharge
41
milky white discharge, usually bilateral that results from hyperprolactinemia
galactorrhea
42
2 common causes of hyperprolactinemia
meds tumor
43
3 causes of pathologic nipple discharge
ectasia intraductal papilloma carcinoma
44
describe pathologic nipple discharge
unilateral from single duct serous vs bloody vs serosanguineous purulent if abscess
45
management of nipple discharge
1. imaging 2. refer
46
imaging for pathologic nipple d.c (2)
mammography US
47
tx and dx for pathologic nipple d.c
surgical excision of involved duct
48
genetic predisposition for breast ca
BRCA1 BRCA2
49
rf for breast ca
increasing age nulliparity early menarche late menopause long-term estrogen or xrt dealyed childbearing \> 30 yo first degree relative (esp \> 1) hx endometrial ca
50
2 non invasive types of breast ca
ductal carcinoma in situ lobular carcinoma in situ
51
2 types of invasive breast ca
invasive ductal carcinoma invasive lobular carcinoma
52
80-85% of breast cancers are
invasive ductal carcinoma
53
5 stages of ductal carcinoma
normal duct → ductal hyperplasia → atypical hyperplasia → DCIS → invasive ductal carcinoma
54
very rare form of breast ca that presents w. eczematous or ulcerated lesion of the nipple that may be pruritic, burning, or painful
paget dz of breast
55
what do you think when you see paget dz w. underlying palpable mass
invasive infiltrating ductal carcinoma
56
what do you think when you see paget dz of breast w. no palpable mass
DCIS OR noninvasive breast ca
57
management of paget dz of breast
1. refer for full thickness bx and mastectomy
58
lobular carcinoma is usually found \_\_
incidentally *“l for lucky find”*
59
why do we care about lobular breast carcinoma
increased risk for breast ca
60
management options for lobular carcinoma
excise chemoprevention refer
61
mc location for breast cancer to occur
upper outer quadrant
62
sx of invasive breast carcinoma (lots!)
fixed firm nodule non-tender (can be painful) dimpling of skin nipple retraction nipple d.c breast size changes peau d' orange eczematous changes axillary node enlargement arm edema palpable suprclavicular/infraclavicular nodes
63
what is this showing
peau d' orange
64
has research shown a clear benefit to clinical OR self breast exams for women getting mammograms
no!
65
when should women get mammograms
annually starting at 40 yo biennial (every other year) at 55 yo (or 50-74 yo)
66
what pt population is most likely to avoid breast ca death dt screening mammographies
60-69 yo
67
for high risk women, what is recommended annually in addition to mammogram starting at 30 yo
MRI
68
indications for high risk for breast ca
known BRCA mutation untested for BRCA but have 1st degree relative w. BRCA greater than 15-20% lifetime risk based on fam hx using risk calculator prior xrt to chest
69
benefit of mammogram
early carcinoma may appear w. mammographic changes but no palpable mass
70
best screening tool for breast carcinoma
mammogram
71
dx for breast carcinoma
combo of: PE mammogram US fine needle or core needle bx +/- excisional bx +/- MRI, CT, CXR, bone scan, PET
72
bx for breast carcinoma are tested for (3)
estrogen and progesterone receptor analysis HER2/neu testing histologic analysis
73
what should occur before tx begins for breast carcinoma
staging
74
preferred tx for early stage breast ca
lumpectomy w. sentinel node bx
75
other tx options for breast ca
mastectomy xrt adjuvant chemo or HRT palliative
76
4 major prognostic factors for breast ca
tumor size tumor grade lymph node involvement/metastasis age
77
after tx for breast ca, pt's should be monitored q __ for the first 2 years and __ after
6 months annually
78
what do you think when you see painless lump beneath the areola in a man \> 50 yo
male breast ca
79
male breast ca is rare, but is associated with __ than female breast ca
poorer prognosis
80
which genetic mutation is common in male breast ca
BRCA 2
81
t/f: breastfed infants have reduced incidence of SIDS
T!
82
growth of the breast, increased fat deposition, and branching of the ductal system during pregnancy leads to what hormonal changes
estrogen prolactin GH adrenal glucocorticoid insulin
83
the letdown reflex is associated w. what 2 hormones
prolactin oxytocin
84
prolactin is released by the \_\_, oxytocin is released by the \_\_
prolactin: anterior pituitary oxytocin: posterior pituitary
85
prolactin is stimulated by \_\_ and promotes \_\_
nipple signals to hypothalamus milk and colostrum production/secretion
86
oxytocin is stimulated by \_\_ and promotes \_\_
suckling/crying milk letdown from mammary gland

Clin Med II - Exam 5 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions