I gave up on Ross's pain lecture

Question 1

the simplified pain system is a __ neuron system

Answer 1

3

Question 2

what 3 things do nocireceptors detect

Answer 2

noxious stimuli:

chemical

thermal

mechanical

Question 3

are nocireceptors afferent or efferent

Answer 3

afferent

Question 4

nociceptors have free nerve endings with their cell bodies in the

Answer 4

dorsal root ganglia

Question 5

primary afferent nerve fibers in of the nocireceptor are classified by size and include (4)

Answer 5

a-alpha

a-beta

a delta

C

Question 6

a-alpha and a-beta 1st order neurons have one arm in the __

and one arm in the __

Answer 6

periphery

SC at dorsal column

Question 7

pathway of 1st order a-alpha and a-beta nerves of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus

Answer 7

dorsal root ganglion → dorsal column → medulla → synapse at dorsal column nuclei → 2nd order neuron

Question 8

pathway of 2nd order neuron of the a-alpha and b-beta dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway

Answer 8

carries info to thalamus → cortex → manages cortical influences

Question 9

pathway of 3rd order neuron of the a-alpha and b-beta dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway

Answer 9

from thalamus → somatosensory cortex → cingulate cortex → pain put into context, interpreted, related to other experiences

Question 10

pain is interpreted by the

Answer 10

cingulate cortex

Question 11

emotional response to pain is mediated by

Answer 11

insular cortex (limbic brain)

Question 12

pathway of 1st order A delta and C fibers

Answer 12

dorsal horn → crosses over at dorsal gray matter → up spinothalamic tract → rostral ventromedial medulla

Question 13

2nd order A delta and C neurons go to the

Answer 13

thalamus

Question 14

3rd order A delta and C neurons go to the (3)

Answer 14

somatosensory cortex

insular cinculate

anterior cingulate

Question 15

threshold activation of a nociceptor can be altered by

Answer 15

chemical mediators

Question 16

how does prostaglandin affect nociceptor threshold

Answer 16

decreases it → easier to feel pain

Question 17

what chemicals increase nociceptor threshold and make it harder to feel pain

Answer 17

serotonin

thromboxane

endorphins

Question 18

what 4 chemicals facilitate pain at the nociceptor

Answer 18

prostaglandin

substance P

bradykinin

interleukins

Question 19

what propagates the pain signal

Answer 19

opening of sodium channels → generates AP

Question 20

theory that when a visceral and somatic afferent converge on the same area of the dorsal horn, the brain can not distinguish btw the 2 and pain can be felt in a different location

Answer 20

convergence theory

Question 21

3 local effects of nociceptors

Answer 21

edema

vasodilation

hyperalgesia

Question 22

what is the role of the cortex in pain

Answer 22

interpret and puts it into context