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Clin Med II - Exam 5 > Hodge Podge Review for Yuliya > Flashcards

Hodge Podge Review for Yuliya Flashcards

1
Q

can lice jump or fly

A

hell no they can’t

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2
Q

burrows

s shaped erythematous tracts

A

scabies

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3
Q

shiny red cheek infection

milder form of cellulitis

A

erysipelas

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4
Q

what causes impetigo

A

staph

strep

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5
Q

coryza

conjunctivitis

cough

A

measles prodrome

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6
Q

morbilliform rash

A

measles

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7
Q

blisters with (+) nikolsky sign

A

pemphigus

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8
Q

blisters w. negative nikolsky sign

A

pemphigoid

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9
Q

slapped cheek rash

A

erythema infectiosum (parvo)

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10
Q

vesicular palmoplantar eruptive rash

A

coxsackie → hand, foot, mouth dz

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11
Q

Michel’s medium

A

pemphigus and pemphigoid

extends shelf life of direct immunoreactants for immunofluorescence something or other

greg stressed this being important

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12
Q

BP 180

BP 230

A

serum tests for pemphigoid

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13
Q

targeted lesions

A

erythema multiform

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14
Q

targeted lesions

A

erythema multiform

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15
Q

blue to white lesions w. a red halo

A

koplik spots → measles

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16
Q

exclamation point hairs

A

alopecia areata

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17
Q

green paronychia

A

pseudomonas

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18
Q

fungal infxn involving all the fingernails

A

candida onychomycosis

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19
Q

tiny honey colored crusted vesicles

A

impetigo

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20
Q

extreme form of erythema multiform

A

stevens johnson :(

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21
Q

spinous hyperkeratotic follicular papules w. perifollicular erythema on scalp

A

lichen planopilaris

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22
Q

tx for onychomycosis

A

oral anti fungal → terbinafine

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23
Q

prodrome of bilateral LAD + fever

A

HSV

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24
Q

painless papule that ulcerates

A

chancre

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25
Q

treponema pallidum

A

syphylis

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26
Q

condylomata

whole body rash (including palms/soles)

LAD

A

secondary syphilis

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27
Q

flesh colored, hypopigmented macerated papules or plaques

A

condylomata lata

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28
Q

gummatous lesions

cardiovascular sx

A

tertiary syphilis

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29
Q

gummatous lesions

cardiovascular sx

A

tertiary syphilis

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30
Q

RPR

VDRL

A

non treponemal serologic tests for syphilis

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31
Q

jarisch-herxheimer

A

bad rxn after tx for neurosyphilis

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32
Q

painful ulcer + tender inguinal adenopathy

A

chancroid

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33
Q

haemophilus ducreyi

A

chancroid

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34
Q

painless papule/vesicle/ulcer plus unilateral LAD

A

LGV (lymphgranuloma venereum)

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35
Q

painless papule that ulcerates

NO LAD

A

granuloma inguinale

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36
Q

klebsiella (calymmatobacterium) granulomatis

A

granuloma inguinale

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37
Q

Donovan bodies

A

granuloma inguinale

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38
Q

condyloma acuminatum

A

HPV

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39
Q

condyloma lata

A

secondary syphilis

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40
Q

bartholian’s abscess

A

gonorrhea

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41
Q

PMNs 10 or higher

(+) leukocyte esterase

A

non gonococcal urethritis

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42
Q

LGV is commonly caused by

A

chlamydia

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43
Q

mc cause of cervical d.c worldwide

A

BV

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44
Q

oncogenic hpv strains

A

16

18

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45
Q

non oncogenic hpv strains that cause condyloma acuminata

A

6

11

also cause respiratory issues in kids

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46
Q

crown rump length measured at

A

6-12 weeks

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47
Q

biparietal diameter measured at

A

13-20 weeks

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48
Q

first measurable serum hcg

A

3 weeks

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49
Q

first measurable urine hcg

A

4 weeks

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50
Q

fetal heart sounds by doppler

A

10 weeks

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51
Q

embryo definition

A

2-10 weeks

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52
Q

fetus definition

A

11-40 weeks

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53
Q

naegele’s rule

A

(lmp + 7 days - 3 months) + 1 year

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54
Q

increase folate supplementation if pregnant pt is taking

A

anticonvulsants

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55
Q

highest teratogenic risk

A

2-10 weeks → organogenesis

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56
Q

3 meds w. neonate withdrawal risk

A

opioids

antidepressants

mood stabilizers/antipsychotics

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57
Q

all pregnant pt’s get what 2 tests

A

GDM

anemia

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58
Q

protracted labor

A

~1 cm/hr or more

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59
Q

pathologic fetal heart monitoring indications

A

HR outside of 100-160

late decels

low variability

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60
Q

birth - 6 weeks

A

puerperium

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61
Q

locia

A

postpartum discharge

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62
Q

mc benign uterine tumor

A

leiomyoma (fibroid)

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63
Q

side effect of Lupron

A

medical menopause

used to tx fibroids

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64
Q

definitive dx for endometriosis

A

visualize it!

surgical vs histology

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65
Q

chocolate cysts on ovaries

A

endometriosis

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66
Q

3 d’s of endometriosis

A

dysmenorrhea

dyspareunia

dyschezia

also infertility

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67
Q

endometrial tissue in muscle of uterus

A

adenomyosis

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68
Q

symmetrically enlarged uterus

A

adenomyosis

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69
Q

definitive dx for adenomyosis

A

hysterectomy

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70
Q

structural causes of AUB

A

PALM

polyp

adenomyosis

leiomyoma

malignancy

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71
Q

nonstructural causes of AUB

A

COINE

coagulopathy

ovarian dysfxn

iatrogenic

not yet classified

endometrial

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72
Q

mc cause of AUB

A

iatrogenic

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73
Q

gs dx for AUB

A

hysteroscopy

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74
Q

labs for menopause

A

FSH > 30

estradiol < 20

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75
Q

dx and tx for endometrial ca

A

total hysterectomy + oophorectomy

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76
Q

mc gynecological malignancy

A

endometrial ca

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77
Q

main rf for endometrial ca (that Wright stressed)

A

age > 45

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78
Q

HPV causes (7)

A

cervical ca

vulvar ca

vaginal ca

penile ca

anal ca

anogenital warts

head/neck ca

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79
Q

4 targets of Gardasil that we need to know

A

16

18

6

11

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80
Q

coinfection factor in cervical ca

A

HSV 2

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81
Q

3 mc sites of metastasis for breast ca

A

bone

liver

lungs

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82
Q

spiculated appearance on US

A

breast ca

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83
Q

mc type of invasive breast ca

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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84
Q

worst prognosis receptor testing marker for breast ca

A

triple negative

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85
Q

mc type of ovarian ca

A

epithelial carcinoma

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86
Q

dx for ovarian ca

A

full surgical removal + CT for mets

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87
Q

HPV strands that cause vulvar ca

A

16

18

33

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88
Q

mc sx of vulvar ca

A

vulvar pruritus

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89
Q

type of vulvar ca caused by hpv 16, 18, 33

A

classic warty or bowenoid

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90
Q

vulvar ca w. poor prognosis

A

sarcoma

91
Q

indications for bx if you see a penile lesion

A

mass + LAD

always, not matter what

92
Q

topical tx for penile ca

A

fluorouracil

imiquimod

93
Q

mc malignancy of the urinary system

A

bladder ca

94
Q

hematuria at the beginning of urination

A

urethral source

95
Q

terminal hematuria

A

bladder neck source

96
Q

hematuria throughout voiding

A

KUB source

97
Q

test to differentiate muscle invasive bladder ca vs non muscle invasive

A

TURBT

98
Q

risk of prostate bx

A

sepsis

99
Q

med that can falsely lower psa

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitors → prosper, avodart

100
Q

testicular ca to know about

A

germ cell tumor → seminoma vs non-seminoma

101
Q

germ cell tumor markers

A

AFP

bHCG

102
Q

first step in work up for testicular ca

A

US!!

103
Q

flank pain

hematuria

palpable abd mass

A

renal cell carcinoma triad

104
Q

presenting sx of anal ca

A

rectal bleeding

105
Q

lifestyle factor associated w. premature menopause

A

smoking cigs

106
Q

progressive vaginal sx of menopause that likely needs to be treated

A

vaginal atrophy

107
Q

concern w. vaginal atrophy

A

increased risk for STI

108
Q

3 types of HRT

A

estrogen (ET)

estrogen-progesterone (EPT)

bioidentical (BHT)

109
Q

any woman w. a uterus should use what type of HRT

A

EPT

110
Q

3 absolute contraindications for HRT

A

thrombosis

stroke

cardiovascular event

111
Q

2 most effective forms of contraception

A

LARCs

sterilization

112
Q

2 least effective forms of contraception

A

withdrawal

spermicides

113
Q

absolute contraindications for OCP/estrogen containing contraceptives

A

DVT

PE

114
Q

brand names for the patch

A

ortho evra

xulane

115
Q

3 emergency forms of contraception

A

Plan B (Levonorgestrel)

EllaOne (Ullpristal)

copper IUD

116
Q

3 types of LARC

A

levonorgestrel IUD

copper IUD

etonogestrel (nexplanon)

117
Q

4 types of levonorgestrel IUD

A

mirena

liletta

skyla

kyleena

118
Q

progesterone only birth control (3)

A

mini pill (norethindrone)

depo

etonogestrel (nexplanon)

119
Q

contraceptive associated w. 10 months to return to fertility

A

depo

120
Q

found along the milk line

A

supernumerary nipple

121
Q

cyclical hormonal breast tenderness

A

mastodynia/mastalgia

122
Q

pathogen that causes mastitis

A

staph

123
Q

pharm for mastitis (and most boobie infections)

A

dicloxacillin

OR

cephalosporin

124
Q

what do you think when you see: refractory breast abscess

A

inflammatory breast ca

125
Q

common non tender breast, benign breast d.o

A

fibroadenoma

126
Q

common tender benign breast d.o

A

fibrocystic changes

127
Q

test for fibroadenoma

A

bore needle bx

128
Q

test for fibrocystic changes

A

needle aspiration

129
Q

2 common causes of hyperprolactinemia

A

meds (she didn’t specify which, don’t worry about it)

tumor

130
Q

non invasive breast cancers

A

DCIS

LCIS

131
Q

2 types of invasive breast ca

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

invasive lobular carcinoma

132
Q

eczematous or ulcerated lesion of the nipple; +/- pruritic, burning, painful

A

Paget dz of breast

133
Q

Paget dz of breast PLUS palpable mass

A

invasive infiltrating ductal carcinoma

134
Q

“lucky find” breast carcinoma

A

lobular

135
Q

mc location for breast ca

A

upper outer quadrant

136
Q

mammogram recs

A

annually at 40 yo

biannually at 55 yo

137
Q

pt pop that benefits most from mammogram

A

60-69 yo

138
Q

breast ca screening for high risk pt

A

MRI

139
Q

tx for early breast ca

A

lumpectomy w. sentinel node bx

140
Q

4 major prognostic factors for breast ca

A

tumor size

tumor grade

age

metastasis

141
Q

genetic factor that associated w. male breast carcinoma

A

BRCA 2

142
Q

prolactin is released by __

and stimulates __

A

anterior pituitary

milk/colustrum production

143
Q

oxytocin is released by __

and stimulates __

A

posterior pituitary

milk let down

144
Q

2 vaccines that are safe in pregnancy

A

pertussis

hep B

145
Q

3 types of ART

A

induction (of ovulation)

insemination

in vitro

146
Q

all products of conception expelled before 20 weeks

os closed

A

complete abortion

147
Q

pregnancy can not be saved

os dilated

products not passed

A

inevitable abortion

148
Q

possible loss

no products passed

os closed

pregnancy continues

A

threatened abortion

149
Q

some products passed

os dilated

heavy bleeding

A

incomplete abortion

150
Q

embryo not viable prior to 20 weeks

products retained

no dilation

A

missed abortion

151
Q

embryonic demise w. infxn

A

septic abortion

152
Q

3 abortion meds

A

methotrexate

misoprostol

mifepristone

153
Q

abortion med that inhibits progesterone

A

mifepristone

154
Q

abortion med that induces contractions

A

misoprostol

155
Q

abortion meds that stops cell growth

A

methotrexate

156
Q

what 2 abortion meds must be used in combo

A

methotrexate

misoprostol

157
Q

best/safest abortion method at 12 weeks or less

A

suction curetage

158
Q

abortion method for second trimester

A

dilation and evacuation

159
Q

adnexal mass, uterine changes, hemodynamic instability

A

ectopic pregnancy

160
Q

discriminatory zone

A

bHCG 1500-2000

when you can see gestational sac

161
Q

progesterone indicative of non viable pregnancy

A

5

162
Q

pharm for ectopic pregnancy

A

methotrexate

163
Q

pathognomonic for preeclampsia in first trimester or early 2nd

A

molar pregnancy

164
Q

benign neoplasm mostly made of trophoblastic proliferation

A

hypatidiform mole

165
Q

neoplasm w. no fetal tissue

bHCG > 50,000

46 xx or 46 xy

A

complete molar pregnancy

166
Q

neoplasm w. some fetal tissue

69xxx or 69 xxy

bHCG < 50,000

A

partial molar pregnancy

167
Q

snowstorm pattern on US

A

complete molar pregnancy

168
Q

focal cystic changes in placenta

A

partial molar pregnancy

169
Q

malignant tumor of placenta

A

choriocarcinoma

170
Q

4 dx criteria for choriocarcinoma

A
  1. 10% or more rise in bhcg x 2 weeks
  2. plateau in 4 bhcg values x 3 weeks
  3. bhcg elevated 6 mo post evacuation
  4. tissue dx
171
Q

3 lichens of the vulva

sounds like a game of thrones reference

A

sclerosis

simplex chronicus

planus

172
Q

mc vulva lichen

A

sclerosis

173
Q

intensely itchy vulva

>60 yo

A

lichen sclerosis

174
Q

benign lichen that needs bx just in case

A

simplex

175
Q

AI lichen

A

planus

176
Q

tx for the lichens of the vulva

A

steroids

177
Q

oral ulcers plus genital ulcers plus uveitis

A

bechet’s

178
Q

asymptomatic verrucous lesions/papillary growths

A

condyloma acuminatum → HPV

179
Q

pox virus

umbilicated

not itchy

A

molluscum contagisum

180
Q

mc reason for gyno visits

A

vulvovaginitis

181
Q

motile pear shaped flagellated cells

A

trichomoniasis

182
Q

is candidiasis an STI

A

nope!

183
Q

spaghetti and meatballs

branching pseudohyphae and spores

A

vulvovaginal candidiasis

184
Q

amsel criteria

A

ph > 4.5

white d.c

fishy

clue cells

3 out of 4

185
Q

thin gray-white yellow d.c

A

bv (gardnerella)

186
Q

ground glass appearance

A

clue cells → BV

187
Q

thin, frothy d.c, foul smell

A

trichomonas

188
Q

grey, whiff, clue

A

BV

189
Q

itchy, white, adherent, no color

A

candidiasis

190
Q

thick, frothy, flagellates

A

trichomonas

191
Q

menstruating woman

bp changes

rash

sick

A

TSS

192
Q

TSS pathogen

A

staph

193
Q

what MUST you do on all pt w. suspected PID

A

pelvic exam

194
Q

cervical cerclage

A

tx for incompetent uterus

195
Q

2 types of mammography

A

screening

diagnostic

196
Q

contraindication for screening mammography

A

any symptoms at all

197
Q

benign breast calcifications are (3)

A

large

coarse

smooth

198
Q

malignant breast calcifications are (4)

A

small

fine

polymorphic

grouped

199
Q

size of benign breast calcifications:

size of malignant breast calcifications:

A

benign: large
malignant: small

200
Q

what makes boobs difficult to mammography

A

implants

201
Q

I’m using boobs from here on out

A

:)

202
Q

gestational sac appears at

A

4 weeks

203
Q

yolk sac appears at

A

5 weeks

204
Q

fetal heart seen at 6

A

6-7 weeks

205
Q

what determines management of labor

A

biophysical profile

206
Q

hemorrhage btw uterine wall and chorionic membrane

A

subchorionic hemorrhage

207
Q

placenta covers os

A

placental praaevia

208
Q

bleeding btw placenta and uterine wall

A

abruptio placenta

209
Q

2 types of Us used to evaluate pelvis

A

transabdominal

transvaginal

210
Q

tranabdominal US uses __ as window

A

full bladder

211
Q

benefit of transvaginal US

A

greater resolution

212
Q

transvaginal might not be best for (2)

A

young

virginal

213
Q

what immunization is given every single pregnancy (even if pt just had it 1 year ago)

A

TDap

214
Q

does HPV vaccination need to start over if pt misses a dose

A

nope!

215
Q

should pregnant mom get HPV vaccination

A

no

216
Q

are conjugate pneumococcal vaccines effective for adults

A

sure are!

217
Q

what 2 immunocompromising conditions need good pneumococcal coverage (that Schonwald stressed)

A

cochlear implants

CSF leaks

218
Q

hep B accelerated vaccine

A

twinrix

219
Q

3 vaccines contraindicated for preggos

not a typo, that means pregnant - I’m losing it

A

IIV4 (live flu)

MMR

VAR

220
Q

infxn that is high risk for alcoholics

A

pneumococcal

221
Q

splenectomy vaccines (4)

A

pneumococcal

hep B

meningitis (ACWY and MENB)

HIB

222
Q

which vaccine is most risk for Guillain barre

A

influenza

223
Q

you got this Yuliya! You know so much! You’re such a smarty!

A

And we are so proud of you :)

Clin Med II - Exam 5 (23 decks)

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