Hodge Podge Review for Yuliya Flashcards
can lice jump or fly
hell no they can’t
burrows
s shaped erythematous tracts
scabies
shiny red cheek infection
milder form of cellulitis
erysipelas
what causes impetigo
staph
strep
coryza
conjunctivitis
cough
measles prodrome
morbilliform rash
measles
blisters with (+) nikolsky sign
pemphigus
blisters w. negative nikolsky sign
pemphigoid
slapped cheek rash
erythema infectiosum (parvo)
vesicular palmoplantar eruptive rash
coxsackie → hand, foot, mouth dz
Michel’s medium
pemphigus and pemphigoid
extends shelf life of direct immunoreactants for immunofluorescence something or other
greg stressed this being important
BP 180
BP 230
serum tests for pemphigoid
targeted lesions
erythema multiform
targeted lesions
erythema multiform
blue to white lesions w. a red halo
koplik spots → measles
exclamation point hairs
alopecia areata
green paronychia
pseudomonas
fungal infxn involving all the fingernails
candida onychomycosis
tiny honey colored crusted vesicles
impetigo
extreme form of erythema multiform
stevens johnson :(
spinous hyperkeratotic follicular papules w. perifollicular erythema on scalp
lichen planopilaris
tx for onychomycosis
oral anti fungal → terbinafine
prodrome of bilateral LAD + fever
HSV
painless papule that ulcerates
chancre
treponema pallidum
syphylis
condylomata
whole body rash (including palms/soles)
LAD
secondary syphilis
flesh colored, hypopigmented macerated papules or plaques
condylomata lata
gummatous lesions
cardiovascular sx
tertiary syphilis
gummatous lesions
cardiovascular sx
tertiary syphilis
RPR
VDRL
non treponemal serologic tests for syphilis
jarisch-herxheimer
bad rxn after tx for neurosyphilis
painful ulcer + tender inguinal adenopathy
chancroid
haemophilus ducreyi
chancroid
painless papule/vesicle/ulcer plus unilateral LAD
LGV (lymphgranuloma venereum)
painless papule that ulcerates
NO LAD
granuloma inguinale
klebsiella (calymmatobacterium) granulomatis
granuloma inguinale
Donovan bodies
granuloma inguinale
condyloma acuminatum
HPV
condyloma lata
secondary syphilis
bartholian’s abscess
gonorrhea
PMNs 10 or higher
(+) leukocyte esterase
non gonococcal urethritis
LGV is commonly caused by
chlamydia
mc cause of cervical d.c worldwide
BV
oncogenic hpv strains
16
18
non oncogenic hpv strains that cause condyloma acuminata
6
11
also cause respiratory issues in kids
crown rump length measured at
6-12 weeks
biparietal diameter measured at
13-20 weeks
first measurable serum hcg
3 weeks
first measurable urine hcg
4 weeks
fetal heart sounds by doppler
10 weeks
embryo definition
2-10 weeks
fetus definition
11-40 weeks
naegele’s rule
(lmp + 7 days - 3 months) + 1 year
increase folate supplementation if pregnant pt is taking
anticonvulsants
highest teratogenic risk
2-10 weeks → organogenesis
3 meds w. neonate withdrawal risk
opioids
antidepressants
mood stabilizers/antipsychotics
all pregnant pt’s get what 2 tests
GDM
anemia
protracted labor
~1 cm/hr or more
pathologic fetal heart monitoring indications
HR outside of 100-160
late decels
low variability
birth - 6 weeks
puerperium
locia
postpartum discharge
mc benign uterine tumor
leiomyoma (fibroid)
side effect of Lupron
medical menopause
used to tx fibroids
definitive dx for endometriosis
visualize it!
surgical vs histology
chocolate cysts on ovaries
endometriosis
3 d’s of endometriosis
dysmenorrhea
dyspareunia
dyschezia
also infertility
endometrial tissue in muscle of uterus
adenomyosis
symmetrically enlarged uterus
adenomyosis
definitive dx for adenomyosis
hysterectomy
structural causes of AUB
PALM
polyp
adenomyosis
leiomyoma
malignancy
nonstructural causes of AUB
COINE
coagulopathy
ovarian dysfxn
iatrogenic
not yet classified
endometrial
mc cause of AUB
iatrogenic
gs dx for AUB
hysteroscopy
labs for menopause
FSH > 30
estradiol < 20
dx and tx for endometrial ca
total hysterectomy + oophorectomy
mc gynecological malignancy
endometrial ca
main rf for endometrial ca (that Wright stressed)
age > 45
HPV causes (7)
cervical ca
vulvar ca
vaginal ca
penile ca
anal ca
anogenital warts
head/neck ca
4 targets of Gardasil that we need to know
16
18
6
11
coinfection factor in cervical ca
HSV 2
3 mc sites of metastasis for breast ca
bone
liver
lungs
spiculated appearance on US
breast ca
mc type of invasive breast ca
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
worst prognosis receptor testing marker for breast ca
triple negative
mc type of ovarian ca
epithelial carcinoma
dx for ovarian ca
full surgical removal + CT for mets
HPV strands that cause vulvar ca
16
18
33
mc sx of vulvar ca
vulvar pruritus
type of vulvar ca caused by hpv 16, 18, 33
classic warty or bowenoid
vulvar ca w. poor prognosis
sarcoma
indications for bx if you see a penile lesion
mass + LAD
always, not matter what
topical tx for penile ca
fluorouracil
imiquimod
mc malignancy of the urinary system
bladder ca
hematuria at the beginning of urination
urethral source
terminal hematuria
bladder neck source
hematuria throughout voiding
KUB source
test to differentiate muscle invasive bladder ca vs non muscle invasive
TURBT
risk of prostate bx
sepsis
med that can falsely lower psa
5-alpha reductase inhibitors → prosper, avodart
testicular ca to know about
germ cell tumor → seminoma vs non-seminoma
germ cell tumor markers
AFP
bHCG
first step in work up for testicular ca
US!!
flank pain
hematuria
palpable abd mass
renal cell carcinoma triad
presenting sx of anal ca
rectal bleeding
lifestyle factor associated w. premature menopause
smoking cigs
progressive vaginal sx of menopause that likely needs to be treated
vaginal atrophy
concern w. vaginal atrophy
increased risk for STI
3 types of HRT
estrogen (ET)
estrogen-progesterone (EPT)
bioidentical (BHT)
any woman w. a uterus should use what type of HRT
EPT
3 absolute contraindications for HRT
thrombosis
stroke
cardiovascular event
2 most effective forms of contraception
LARCs
sterilization
2 least effective forms of contraception
withdrawal
spermicides
absolute contraindications for OCP/estrogen containing contraceptives
DVT
PE
brand names for the patch
ortho evra
xulane
3 emergency forms of contraception
Plan B (Levonorgestrel)
EllaOne (Ullpristal)
copper IUD
3 types of LARC
levonorgestrel IUD
copper IUD
etonogestrel (nexplanon)
4 types of levonorgestrel IUD
mirena
liletta
skyla
kyleena
progesterone only birth control (3)
mini pill (norethindrone)
depo
etonogestrel (nexplanon)
contraceptive associated w. 10 months to return to fertility
depo
found along the milk line
supernumerary nipple
cyclical hormonal breast tenderness
mastodynia/mastalgia
pathogen that causes mastitis
staph
pharm for mastitis (and most boobie infections)
dicloxacillin
OR
cephalosporin
what do you think when you see: refractory breast abscess
inflammatory breast ca
common non tender breast, benign breast d.o
fibroadenoma
common tender benign breast d.o
fibrocystic changes
test for fibroadenoma
bore needle bx
test for fibrocystic changes
needle aspiration
2 common causes of hyperprolactinemia
meds (she didn’t specify which, don’t worry about it)
tumor
non invasive breast cancers
DCIS
LCIS
2 types of invasive breast ca
invasive ductal carcinoma
invasive lobular carcinoma
eczematous or ulcerated lesion of the nipple; +/- pruritic, burning, painful
Paget dz of breast
Paget dz of breast PLUS palpable mass
invasive infiltrating ductal carcinoma
“lucky find” breast carcinoma
lobular
mc location for breast ca
upper outer quadrant
mammogram recs
annually at 40 yo
biannually at 55 yo
pt pop that benefits most from mammogram
60-69 yo
breast ca screening for high risk pt
MRI
tx for early breast ca
lumpectomy w. sentinel node bx
4 major prognostic factors for breast ca
tumor size
tumor grade
age
metastasis
genetic factor that associated w. male breast carcinoma
BRCA 2
prolactin is released by __
and stimulates __
anterior pituitary
milk/colustrum production
oxytocin is released by __
and stimulates __
posterior pituitary
milk let down
2 vaccines that are safe in pregnancy
pertussis
hep B
3 types of ART
induction (of ovulation)
insemination
in vitro
all products of conception expelled before 20 weeks
os closed
complete abortion
pregnancy can not be saved
os dilated
products not passed
inevitable abortion
possible loss
no products passed
os closed
pregnancy continues
threatened abortion
some products passed
os dilated
heavy bleeding
incomplete abortion
embryo not viable prior to 20 weeks
products retained
no dilation
missed abortion
embryonic demise w. infxn
septic abortion
3 abortion meds
methotrexate
misoprostol
mifepristone
abortion med that inhibits progesterone
mifepristone
abortion med that induces contractions
misoprostol
abortion meds that stops cell growth
methotrexate
what 2 abortion meds must be used in combo
methotrexate
misoprostol
best/safest abortion method at 12 weeks or less
suction curetage
abortion method for second trimester
dilation and evacuation
adnexal mass, uterine changes, hemodynamic instability
ectopic pregnancy
discriminatory zone
bHCG 1500-2000
when you can see gestational sac
progesterone indicative of non viable pregnancy
5
pharm for ectopic pregnancy
methotrexate
pathognomonic for preeclampsia in first trimester or early 2nd
molar pregnancy
benign neoplasm mostly made of trophoblastic proliferation
hypatidiform mole
neoplasm w. no fetal tissue
bHCG > 50,000
46 xx or 46 xy
complete molar pregnancy
neoplasm w. some fetal tissue
69xxx or 69 xxy
bHCG < 50,000
partial molar pregnancy
snowstorm pattern on US
complete molar pregnancy
focal cystic changes in placenta
partial molar pregnancy
malignant tumor of placenta
choriocarcinoma
4 dx criteria for choriocarcinoma
- 10% or more rise in bhcg x 2 weeks
- plateau in 4 bhcg values x 3 weeks
- bhcg elevated 6 mo post evacuation
- tissue dx
3 lichens of the vulva
sounds like a game of thrones reference
sclerosis
simplex chronicus
planus
mc vulva lichen
sclerosis
intensely itchy vulva
>60 yo
lichen sclerosis
benign lichen that needs bx just in case
simplex
AI lichen
planus
tx for the lichens of the vulva
steroids
oral ulcers plus genital ulcers plus uveitis
bechet’s
asymptomatic verrucous lesions/papillary growths
condyloma acuminatum → HPV
pox virus
umbilicated
not itchy
molluscum contagisum
mc reason for gyno visits
vulvovaginitis
motile pear shaped flagellated cells
trichomoniasis
is candidiasis an STI
nope!
spaghetti and meatballs
branching pseudohyphae and spores
vulvovaginal candidiasis
amsel criteria
ph > 4.5
white d.c
fishy
clue cells
3 out of 4
thin gray-white yellow d.c
bv (gardnerella)
ground glass appearance
clue cells → BV
thin, frothy d.c, foul smell
trichomonas
grey, whiff, clue
BV
itchy, white, adherent, no color
candidiasis
thick, frothy, flagellates
trichomonas
menstruating woman
bp changes
rash
sick
TSS
TSS pathogen
staph
what MUST you do on all pt w. suspected PID
pelvic exam
cervical cerclage
tx for incompetent uterus
2 types of mammography
screening
diagnostic
contraindication for screening mammography
any symptoms at all
benign breast calcifications are (3)
large
coarse
smooth
malignant breast calcifications are (4)
small
fine
polymorphic
grouped
size of benign breast calcifications:
size of malignant breast calcifications:
benign: large
malignant: small
what makes boobs difficult to mammography
implants
I’m using boobs from here on out
:)
gestational sac appears at
4 weeks
yolk sac appears at
5 weeks
fetal heart seen at 6
6-7 weeks
what determines management of labor
biophysical profile
hemorrhage btw uterine wall and chorionic membrane
subchorionic hemorrhage
placenta covers os
placental praaevia
bleeding btw placenta and uterine wall
abruptio placenta
2 types of Us used to evaluate pelvis
transabdominal
transvaginal
tranabdominal US uses __ as window
full bladder
benefit of transvaginal US
greater resolution
transvaginal might not be best for (2)
young
virginal
what immunization is given every single pregnancy (even if pt just had it 1 year ago)
TDap
does HPV vaccination need to start over if pt misses a dose
nope!
should pregnant mom get HPV vaccination
no
are conjugate pneumococcal vaccines effective for adults
sure are!
what 2 immunocompromising conditions need good pneumococcal coverage (that Schonwald stressed)
cochlear implants
CSF leaks
hep B accelerated vaccine
twinrix
3 vaccines contraindicated for preggos
not a typo, that means pregnant - I’m losing it
IIV4 (live flu)
MMR
VAR
infxn that is high risk for alcoholics
pneumococcal
splenectomy vaccines (4)
pneumococcal
hep B
meningitis (ACWY and MENB)
HIB
which vaccine is most risk for Guillain barre
influenza
you got this Yuliya! You know so much! You’re such a smarty!
And we are so proud of you :)
