Hodge Podge Review for Yuliya Flashcards
1
Q
can lice jump or fly
A
hell no they can’t
2
Q
burrows
s shaped erythematous tracts
A
scabies
3
Q
shiny red cheek infection
milder form of cellulitis
A
erysipelas
4
Q
what causes impetigo
A
staph
strep
5
Q
coryza
conjunctivitis
cough
A
measles prodrome
6
Q
morbilliform rash
A
measles
7
Q
blisters with (+) nikolsky sign
A
pemphigus
8
Q
blisters w. negative nikolsky sign
A
pemphigoid
9
Q
slapped cheek rash
A
erythema infectiosum (parvo)
10
Q
vesicular palmoplantar eruptive rash
A
coxsackie → hand, foot, mouth dz
11
Q
Michel’s medium
A
pemphigus and pemphigoid
extends shelf life of direct immunoreactants for immunofluorescence something or other
greg stressed this being important
12
Q
BP 180
BP 230
A
serum tests for pemphigoid
13
Q
targeted lesions
A
erythema multiform
14
Q
targeted lesions
A
erythema multiform
15
Q
blue to white lesions w. a red halo
A
koplik spots → measles
16
Q
exclamation point hairs
A
alopecia areata
17
Q
green paronychia
A
pseudomonas
18
Q
fungal infxn involving all the fingernails
A
candida onychomycosis
19
Q
tiny honey colored crusted vesicles
A
impetigo
20
Q
extreme form of erythema multiform
A
stevens johnson :(
21
Q
spinous hyperkeratotic follicular papules w. perifollicular erythema on scalp
A
lichen planopilaris
22
Q
tx for onychomycosis
A
oral anti fungal → terbinafine
23
Q
prodrome of bilateral LAD + fever
A
HSV
24
Q
painless papule that ulcerates
A
chancre
25
treponema pallidum
syphylis
26
condylomata
whole body rash (including palms/soles)
LAD
secondary syphilis
27
flesh colored, hypopigmented macerated papules or plaques
condylomata lata
28
gummatous lesions
cardiovascular sx
tertiary syphilis
29
gummatous lesions
cardiovascular sx
tertiary syphilis
30
RPR
VDRL
non treponemal serologic tests for syphilis
31
jarisch-herxheimer
bad rxn after tx for neurosyphilis
32
painful ulcer + tender inguinal adenopathy
chancroid
33
haemophilus ducreyi
chancroid
34
painless papule/vesicle/ulcer plus unilateral LAD
LGV (lymphgranuloma venereum)
35
painless papule that ulcerates
NO LAD
granuloma inguinale
36
klebsiella (calymmatobacterium) granulomatis
granuloma inguinale
37
Donovan bodies
granuloma inguinale
38
condyloma acuminatum
HPV
39
condyloma lata
secondary syphilis
40
bartholian's abscess
gonorrhea
41
PMNs 10 or higher
(+) leukocyte esterase
non gonococcal urethritis
42
LGV is commonly caused by
chlamydia
43
mc cause of cervical d.c worldwide
BV
44
oncogenic hpv strains
16
18
45
non oncogenic hpv strains that cause condyloma acuminata
6
11
*also cause respiratory issues in kids*
46
crown rump length measured at
6-12 weeks
47
biparietal diameter measured at
13-20 weeks
48
first measurable serum hcg
3 weeks
49
first measurable urine hcg
4 weeks
50
fetal heart sounds by doppler
10 weeks
51
embryo definition
2-10 weeks
52
fetus definition
11-40 weeks
53
naegele's rule
(lmp + 7 days - 3 months) + 1 year
54
increase folate supplementation if pregnant pt is taking
anticonvulsants
55
highest teratogenic risk
2-10 weeks → organogenesis
56
3 meds w. neonate withdrawal risk
opioids
antidepressants
mood stabilizers/antipsychotics
57
all pregnant pt's get what 2 tests
GDM
anemia
58
protracted labor
~1 cm/hr or more
59
pathologic fetal heart monitoring indications
HR outside of 100-160
late decels
low variability
60
birth - 6 weeks
puerperium
61
locia
postpartum discharge
62
mc benign uterine tumor
leiomyoma (fibroid)
63
side effect of Lupron
medical menopause
*used to tx fibroids*
64
definitive dx for endometriosis
visualize it!
surgical vs histology
65
chocolate cysts on ovaries
endometriosis
66
3 d's of endometriosis
dysmenorrhea
dyspareunia
dyschezia
*also infertility*
67
endometrial tissue in muscle of uterus
adenomyosis
68
symmetrically enlarged uterus
adenomyosis
69
definitive dx for adenomyosis
hysterectomy
70
structural causes of AUB
**PALM**
polyp
adenomyosis
leiomyoma
malignancy
71
nonstructural causes of AUB
**COINE**
coagulopathy
ovarian dysfxn
iatrogenic
not yet classified
endometrial
72
mc cause of AUB
iatrogenic
73
gs dx for AUB
hysteroscopy
74
labs for menopause
FSH \> 30
estradiol \< 20
75
dx and tx for endometrial ca
total hysterectomy + oophorectomy
76
mc gynecological malignancy
endometrial ca
77
main rf for endometrial ca (that Wright stressed)
age \> 45
78
HPV causes (7)
cervical ca
vulvar ca
vaginal ca
penile ca
anal ca
anogenital warts
head/neck ca
79
4 targets of Gardasil that we need to know
16
18
6
11
80
coinfection factor in cervical ca
HSV 2
81
3 mc sites of metastasis for breast ca
bone
liver
lungs
82
spiculated appearance on US
breast ca
83
mc type of invasive breast ca
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
84
worst prognosis receptor testing marker for breast ca
triple negative
85
mc type of ovarian ca
epithelial carcinoma
86
dx for ovarian ca
full surgical removal + CT for mets
87
HPV strands that cause vulvar ca
16
18
33
88
mc sx of vulvar ca
vulvar pruritus
89
type of vulvar ca caused by hpv 16, 18, 33
classic warty or bowenoid
90
vulvar ca w. poor prognosis
sarcoma
91
indications for bx if you see a penile lesion
mass + LAD
*always, not matter what*
92
topical tx for penile ca
fluorouracil
imiquimod
93
mc malignancy of the urinary system
bladder ca
94
hematuria at the beginning of urination
urethral source
95
terminal hematuria
bladder neck source
96
hematuria throughout voiding
KUB source
97
test to differentiate muscle invasive bladder ca vs non muscle invasive
TURBT
98
risk of prostate bx
sepsis
99
med that can falsely lower psa
5-alpha reductase inhibitors → prosper, avodart
100
testicular ca to know about
germ cell tumor → seminoma vs non-seminoma
101
germ cell tumor markers
AFP
bHCG
102
first step in work up for testicular ca
US!!
103
flank pain
hematuria
palpable abd mass
renal cell carcinoma triad
104
presenting sx of anal ca
rectal bleeding
105
lifestyle factor associated w. premature menopause
smoking cigs
106
progressive vaginal sx of menopause that likely needs to be treated
vaginal atrophy
107
concern w. vaginal atrophy
increased risk for STI
108
3 types of HRT
estrogen (ET)
estrogen-progesterone (EPT)
bioidentical (BHT)
109
any woman w. a uterus should use what type of HRT
EPT
110
3 absolute contraindications for HRT
thrombosis
stroke
cardiovascular event
111
2 most effective forms of contraception
LARCs
sterilization
112
2 least effective forms of contraception
withdrawal
spermicides
113
absolute contraindications for OCP/estrogen containing contraceptives
DVT
PE
114
brand names for the patch
ortho evra
xulane
115
3 emergency forms of contraception
Plan B (Levonorgestrel)
EllaOne (Ullpristal)
copper IUD
116
3 types of LARC
levonorgestrel IUD
copper IUD
etonogestrel (nexplanon)
117
4 types of levonorgestrel IUD
mirena
liletta
skyla
kyleena
118
progesterone only birth control (3)
mini pill (norethindrone)
depo
etonogestrel (nexplanon)
119
contraceptive associated w. 10 months to return to fertility
depo
120
found along the milk line
supernumerary nipple
121
cyclical hormonal breast tenderness
mastodynia/mastalgia
122
pathogen that causes mastitis
staph
123
pharm for mastitis (and most boobie infections)
dicloxacillin
OR
cephalosporin
124
what do you think when you see: refractory breast abscess
inflammatory breast ca
125
common non tender breast, benign breast d.o
fibroadenoma
126
common tender benign breast d.o
fibrocystic changes
127
test for fibroadenoma
bore needle bx
128
test for fibrocystic changes
needle aspiration
129
2 common causes of hyperprolactinemia
**meds** (she didn't specify which, don't worry about it)
## Footnote
**tumor**
130
non invasive breast cancers
DCIS
LCIS
131
2 types of invasive breast ca
invasive ductal carcinoma
invasive lobular carcinoma
132
eczematous or ulcerated lesion of the nipple; +/- pruritic, burning, painful
Paget dz of breast
133
Paget dz of breast PLUS palpable mass
invasive infiltrating ductal carcinoma
134
“lucky find” breast carcinoma
lobular
135
mc location for breast ca
upper outer quadrant
136
mammogram recs
annually at 40 yo
biannually at 55 yo
137
pt pop that benefits most from mammogram
60-69 yo
138
breast ca screening for high risk pt
MRI
139
tx for early breast ca
lumpectomy w. sentinel node bx
140
4 major prognostic factors for breast ca
tumor size
tumor grade
age
metastasis
141
genetic factor that associated w. male breast carcinoma
BRCA 2
142
prolactin is released by \_\_
and stimulates \_\_
anterior pituitary
milk/colustrum production
143
oxytocin is released by \_\_
and stimulates \_\_
posterior pituitary
milk let down
144
2 vaccines that are safe in pregnancy
pertussis
hep B
145
3 types of ART
induction (of ovulation)
insemination
in vitro
146
all products of conception expelled before 20 weeks
os closed
complete abortion
147
pregnancy can not be saved
os dilated
products not passed
inevitable abortion
148
possible loss
no products passed
os closed
pregnancy continues
threatened abortion
149
some products passed
os dilated
heavy bleeding
incomplete abortion
150
embryo not viable prior to 20 weeks
products retained
no dilation
missed abortion
151
embryonic demise w. infxn
septic abortion
152
3 abortion meds
methotrexate
misoprostol
mifepristone
153
abortion med that inhibits progesterone
mifepristone
154
abortion med that induces contractions
misoprostol
155
abortion meds that stops cell growth
methotrexate
156
what 2 abortion meds must be used in combo
methotrexate
misoprostol
157
best/safest abortion method at 12 weeks or less
suction curetage
158
abortion method for second trimester
dilation and evacuation
159
adnexal mass, uterine changes, hemodynamic instability
ectopic pregnancy
160
discriminatory zone
bHCG 1500-2000
*when you can see gestational sac*
161
progesterone indicative of non viable pregnancy
5
162
pharm for ectopic pregnancy
methotrexate
163
pathognomonic for preeclampsia in first trimester or early 2nd
molar pregnancy
164
benign neoplasm mostly made of trophoblastic proliferation
hypatidiform mole
165
neoplasm w. no fetal tissue
bHCG \> 50,000
46 xx or 46 xy
complete molar pregnancy
166
neoplasm w. some fetal tissue
69xxx or 69 xxy
bHCG \< 50,000
partial molar pregnancy
167
snowstorm pattern on US
complete molar pregnancy
168
focal cystic changes in placenta
partial molar pregnancy
169
malignant tumor of placenta
choriocarcinoma
170
4 dx criteria for choriocarcinoma
1. 10% or more rise in bhcg x 2 weeks
2. plateau in 4 bhcg values x 3 weeks
3. bhcg elevated 6 mo post evacuation
4. tissue dx
171
3 lichens of the vulva
*sounds like a game of thrones reference*
sclerosis
simplex chronicus
planus
172
mc vulva lichen
sclerosis
173
intensely itchy vulva
\>60 yo
lichen sclerosis
174
benign lichen that needs bx just in case
simplex
175
AI lichen
planus
176
tx for the lichens of the vulva
steroids
177
oral ulcers plus genital ulcers plus uveitis
bechet's
178
asymptomatic verrucous lesions/papillary growths
condyloma acuminatum → HPV
179
pox virus
umbilicated
not itchy
molluscum contagisum
180
mc reason for gyno visits
vulvovaginitis
181
motile pear shaped flagellated cells
trichomoniasis
182
is candidiasis an STI
nope!
183
spaghetti and meatballs
branching pseudohyphae and spores
vulvovaginal candidiasis
184
amsel criteria
ph \> 4.5
white d.c
fishy
clue cells
*3 out of 4*
185
thin gray-white yellow d.c
bv (gardnerella)
186
ground glass appearance
clue cells → BV
187
thin, frothy d.c, foul smell
trichomonas
188
grey, whiff, clue
BV
189
itchy, white, adherent, no color
candidiasis
190
thick, frothy, flagellates
trichomonas
191
menstruating woman
bp changes
rash
sick
TSS
192
TSS pathogen
staph
193
what MUST you do on all pt w. suspected PID
pelvic exam
194
cervical cerclage
tx for incompetent uterus
195
2 types of mammography
screening
diagnostic
196
contraindication for screening mammography
any symptoms at all
197
benign breast calcifications are (3)
large
coarse
smooth
198
malignant breast calcifications are (4)
small
fine
polymorphic
grouped
199
size of benign breast calcifications:
size of malignant breast calcifications:
benign: large
malignant: small
200
what makes boobs difficult to mammography
implants
201
I'm using boobs from here on out
:)
202
gestational sac appears at
4 weeks
203
yolk sac appears at
5 weeks
204
fetal heart seen at 6
6-7 weeks
205
what determines management of labor
biophysical profile
206
hemorrhage btw uterine wall and chorionic membrane
subchorionic hemorrhage
207
placenta covers os
placental praaevia
208
bleeding btw placenta and uterine wall
abruptio placenta
209
2 types of Us used to evaluate pelvis
transabdominal
transvaginal
210
tranabdominal US uses __ as window
full bladder
211
benefit of transvaginal US
greater resolution
212
transvaginal might not be best for (2)
young
virginal
213
what immunization is given every single pregnancy (even if pt just had it 1 year ago)
TDap
214
does HPV vaccination need to start over if pt misses a dose
nope!
215
should pregnant mom get HPV vaccination
no
216
are conjugate pneumococcal vaccines effective for adults
sure are!
217
what 2 immunocompromising conditions need good pneumococcal coverage (that Schonwald stressed)
cochlear implants
CSF leaks
218
hep B accelerated vaccine
twinrix
219
3 vaccines contraindicated for preggos
*not a typo, that means pregnant - I'm losing it*
IIV4 (live flu)
MMR
VAR
220
infxn that is high risk for alcoholics
pneumococcal
221
splenectomy vaccines (4)
pneumococcal
hep B
meningitis (ACWY and MENB)
HIB
222
which vaccine is most risk for Guillain barre
influenza
223
you got this Yuliya! You know so much! You're such a smarty!
And we are so proud of you :)
