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Initial Ground School - E145 > Winter Ops > Flashcards

Winter Ops Flashcards

1
Q

How is Icing Conditions on the Ground Defined?

A

Temp at 10°C Static Air Temp (SAT) or less and visible moisture

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2
Q

What is visibile moisture, and what conditions are favorable for the creation of visible moisture

A

Moisture you can see (clouds, fog, sleet, snow, rain). Temp/ DP spread of 3° C or less is a prime condition for vis moisture.

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3
Q

What is the definition of Icing conditions in the air?

A

Temp 10°C Total Air Temp (TAT) or less and visible moisture.

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4
Q

What is TAT and what happens to TAT if you speed the aircraft up in the air.

A

TAT = SAT corrected for compressibility. If you speed up in the air, the air temp increases.

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5
Q

What are you going to do when you enter icing conditions?

A

Moinitor the A/C for ice:

  • Check windshield wiper for frost
  • Look at ice protection panel to ensure all 4 ice protection valves are open
  • If not open, then turn over-ride knob to “ALL” and call for the “ice detect fail checklist”
  • If they are open, then continue to monitor.
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6
Q

Describe the process if normal icing conditions exist and only de-ice is needed

A

Consists of 1 step: De-Ice the airplane and 1 event: do a tactile check

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7
Q

Define De-Icing and when do we only use de-ice and not anti-ice procedures

A

Remove frozen contaminents adhering to the airframe. IE get the shit off the jet and make sure it is off.

We only De-Ice when there is shit on the jet but not shitty outside.

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8
Q

What is the process for Icing Conditions on the Ground?

A

2 Step process plus an event:

1) Step 1 - De-Ice the aircraft
2) Event - Tactile check (cannot be done by crew)
3) Step 2 - Anti Ice the aircraft.

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9
Q

What is Anti Ice?

A

Prevention of frozen contaminents from adhering to the airframe until you reach flying speed. IE “keep the shit off the jet”

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10
Q

What is the clean aircraft concept?

A

No “shit” can be on the aircraft prior to takeoff except up to 1/8th inch layer of frost on the underside of the wing surfaces associated with fuel tanks.

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11
Q

What types of fluids cannot be be sprayed near the windsheild, engine or apu intakes (shaded areas in WOP 2.8.9)

A

Types 2 and 4 due to how thick they are.

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12
Q

What are the 4 types of de-icing fluid? Which ones are most common in our operation?

A

Type I - 50/50 mix of water and Glycol. Primarily used for De-Ice but can be used for Anti Ice. Applied hot and is pink in color.

Type IV- 100%, used for Anti-Ice only. It is thick and applied cold, green in color.

Type II - 100%, used for Anti-Ice only. It is thick and applied cold, clear or amber in color.

Type III- 100%, used for De-Ice or Anti Ice. Applied hot and pale straw in color.

Types I and IV are most common in our operation.

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13
Q

What are holdover times and what are some things that might affect the holdover times?

A

Estimated amount of time that the Anti-Ice fluid can be exposed to the conditions before it freezes. Things that affect H/O times are:

1) Type of Fluid
2) OAT
3) Type, Intensity and moisture content of precip.

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14
Q

When and how is a Pre-Takeoff Check conducted

A

Done within the holdover time window by looking out the window at the wing. Required immediatly before advancing throttles forward.

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15
Q

How will vaiable, not saturated anti-ice fluid appear? How will failed, failing or saturated anti-ice fluid appear?

A

Viable = Shiny

Failed/Failing = dull, milky and crystalline.

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16
Q

When and How Pre Takeoff Contamination Check done

A

Done after holdover time has been exceeded. Must be performed by a trained member of the de-ice team and A/C must be off the ground whithin 5 mins of check.

17
Q

When do holdover times begin?

A

At the start of the 2nd step (Start of Anti Ice process) usually when they start squiting the left wing.

18
Q

How do you prep and aircraft for De-Ice when at the Gate?

A
  • External Power On
  • APU off
  • Engines off
19
Q

How do you prep an aircraft for De-Ice when off the gate?

A
  • APU off
  • Engines Running
20
Q

Describe the Full De-ice prep (flow) flight crews must follow when prepping for De-Ice

A

1) Set Parking Brake
2) Flaps 0, ailerons neutral
3) Trim - Full Nose Down
4) Gust Lock Set
5) Windows/ Doors/ Emer Exit Closed
6) Off Gate- Engines Idle, bleeds/packs off, APU off
7) On Gate - Engines off, bleeds/ packs off, APU on (if no GPU)

21
Q

How long should you wait to bring bleeds and packs online (open) after completion of de-ice/ anti ice and what action should you take with consideration to passenger announcements

A

Wait at least 3 mins and advise pax that there may be a temporary odor similar to burning rubber once the AC system is turned on and this is normal so dont freak out.

22
Q

If de-ice/ anti-ice is expected after the last flight of the day and prior to the first flight of the morning, what extra step should you do as the off going crew in addition to your normal post flight duties?

A

Trim nose full down.

23
Q

When is an “icing takeoff” required

A

1) 10°C or less and 1500’ ceiling or
2) 10°C or less and vis moisture present

24
Q

Where do you get the precip intensities?

A

From the ATIS

25
Q

If there is a lack of precip intesity indicator on the ATIS, what intensity level should you assume when calculating holdover times?

A

moderate

26
Q

How do you determine snowfall intensity?

A

Refer to the Snowfall intensity chart in the WOP

27
Q

If you calculate intensities of heavy or moderate snow, what are your odds of departure in each situation

A

Heavy Snow - Slim to none

Moderate Snow - Very low

28
Q

What end of the time ranges in the holdover table will you use for Dry, Medium and Wet Snow?

A

Dry (can’t make a snowball) - use high end of range

Medium (make a shitty snowball) - use average of range

Wet (can make a snowball) - use low end of range.

29
Q

How do you determine the holdover times for Ice-Pellets

A

They have their own chart in the WOP (ADJ-39)

30
Q

Which holdover chart are you typically going to use to determine most H/O times after Anti-Ice has been applied?

A

Generic Type IV chart - ADJ-19 (Page A-21 in the WOP).

31
Q

How do you prepare for an Icing Takeoff?

A

Ice Detection Knob - Engine

Engine Bleeds - On

APU Bleed - OFF

Cross Bleed - Auto

Packs - On

Initial Ground School - E145 (15 decks)

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