Winter Ops

Question 1

When is a runway considered contaminated?

Answer 1

Runway coverage more than 25% of one third of the runway, greater than 3mm

Question 2

What do you do if holdover time expires before departure?

Answer 2

If precipitation ended can take off. If still in icing conditions must complete visual inspection of wing surface, if in doubt de-ice again.

Question 3

What are the exceptions to the clean aircraft concept?

Answer 3

Costing of frost not more than 3mm on underside of wing in area cold soaked by fuel. Thin hoarfrost on fuselage, radome, engine cowling. Features must be visible through it.

Question 4

When should EAI be selected on after start?

Answer 4

When outside temperature is below 10 degrees and there is visible moisture or wet manoeuvring areas. Or if it is expected that icing conditions will occur before the single engine acceleration altitude.

Question 5

Describe the characteristics of type 1 fluid?

Answer 5

Orange - short HOT due to being thin. Generally applied as a de-icing fluid or as the first part of a 2 stage process as the de-icing part

Question 6

Describe the characteristics of type 2 fluid?

Answer 6

Straw colour, contains a thickening agent LOUT -25

Question 7

Describe characteristics of type 3 fluid?

Answer 7

Unsuitable for high performance jet aircraft

Question 8

Describe characteristics of type 4 fluids?

Answer 8

Most common
Green (contain min 50% glycol which reduced freezing point to negative temps)

Question 9

Describe 1 step & 2 step procedure

Answer 9

1 step - water/deice, single application to get rid of contaminant with a small level of anti ice protection

2 step - first step contaminant is removed using heated type 1 fluid.
Then second step type 2 or 4 applied for anti-ice properties

Question 10

When does the holdover time start from in 1 & 2 step procedure?

Answer 10

1 step - from start of fluid application.
2 step - from the time the second step fluid application was started