Winemaking Terminolgy Flashcards
Two things accomplished with oak aging?
Oxidation and oak flavours
Stainless steel vessels are used to help what in wine?
Slow oxidation and preserve primary flavours of the wine
What vessel is a popular choir for white wines?
Stainless steel
What does using concrete and clay amphora’s do to a wine taste?
Lower the acidity in the wine which can soften its taste profile
What is filtered wine?
Wines that are sent through microscopic filters to remove everything but the liquid
What is unfiltered wine?
Wines that contain sediment which contributes to their complexity
What is fining?
Fining adds enzymes to clarity the wine. The enzymes glom to proteins that fall to the bottom of the wine barrel
What is racking?
Racking transfers wines to a fresh fresh barrel
What colour wines normally go through malolactic fermentation?
Red wine
What is Malolactic fermentation?
A process where a bacteria called Oenococcus oeni alters sharp malic acid (apples) into softer and smoother lactic acid (milk)
What is extended maceration?
After fermentation is complete red wines are left on their skins for an extended time. This process can soften flavours and reduce harsh tannins.
What is Microoxygeneration?
Red wines are bubbled with oxygen during the fermentation to help soften their tannins
Microoxygeneration is a method used in what famous wine region?
This method is poplar with red Bordeaux varieties.
What are Pumpdowns?
Is a way to mix the fermentation. Pumpovers extract red wine flavours aggressively.
What are punchdowns?
A way to mix the fermentation. Punchdowns are more delicate and popular with light reds
What is a commercial yeast?
Commercial yeasts are made scientifically in labs.Using them is very common especially in large production wines.
What are native yeasts?
A fermentation that only uses yeast found in the winery or on the grapes. This method is rare and more common in small production wines.
Carbonic Maceration is used with which grape variety?
Gamay
What is Carbonic maceration?
Is a closed top, whole cluster fermentation, which reduces the bitter grape tannins and preserves delicate floral aromas in red wines
What is closed fermentation?
Closed fermentation limits the amount of oxygen to facilitate during the fermentation and are popular with white wines in order to preserve delicate flavours
What is open-top fermentation?
Open-too fermentation allows more oxygen to enter during the fermentation and are most commonly used for red wines
What are cool fermentation’s?
They preserve delicate flower and fruit aromas popular for white wines.
What are Hot fermentation’s?
They soften the tannins and simplify flavours popular with commercial wines
What is Saignée (sahn-yay)?
Or bleeding off?
Is the process of draining some juice from red wine fermentation to increase the concentration. Leftover juice is used for a deep coloured rose wine
What is cold soaking?
Is a process of resting the juice with the skins at a cold temperature prior to fermentation. This helps extract more colour and flavours from the skin
What is whole cluster fermentation?
Uses the entire grape bunch including the stems. Stems add tannin and structure to typically delicate wines.
What does Nykteri mean?
Greek for night harvest.
Still dry white wine
Made usually in Santorini
Made with Assyrtiko, Athiri, Aidani
Perfect with fish and seafood, and white cheese
Flavours: Lemon , butter syrup
What does Passiti mean?
Passito: An Italian term literally translated as “sweet,” passito is used in Italy to describe wines that have been made from dried grapes, in the appassimento method. Like straw wine
What is straw wine?
Straw wine, or raisin wine, is a wine made from grapes that have been dried to concentrate their juice. The result is similar to that of the ice wine process, but is a much older process and suitable for warm climates
What is Maceration?
Maceration is the winemaking process where the phenolic materials of the grape—tannins, coloring agents (anthocyanins) and flavor compounds—are leached from the grape skins, seeds and stems into the must
What is carbonic maceration?
Carbonic maceration is a winemaking technique, often associated with the French wine region of Beaujolais, in which whole grapes are fermented in a carbon dioxide rich environment prior to crushing.
What does Vigneron mean?
Cooperating with viticulturists
Monitoring the maturity of grapes to ensure their quality and to determine the correct time for harvest
Crushing and pressing grapes
Monitoring the settling of juice and the fermentation of grape material
Filtering the wine to remove remaining solids
Testing the quality of wine by tasting
Placing filtered wine in casks or tanks for storage and maturation
Preparing plans for bottling wine once it has matured
Making sure that quality is maintained when the wine is bottled
