Williams Flashcards
what is this study classed as?
contemporary study for depression
what was the aim of Williams’ study?
to test remote forms of CBT to see if imagination-based cognitive bias modification would impact positively on iCBT outcomes/ effectiveness of CBM and iCBT to treat depression
what was the sample of Williams’ study?
69 patients
- recruited from online applications
- given a diagnostic interview
what diagnostic manual was used in the diagnostic interview?
DSM
how were the ppts filtered after the diagnostic interviews?
- substance abuse
- severity of depression
- no internet access
how many ppts were in the control group?
31
how many were in the treatment group?
38
what were the control group told?
that they were on a waiting list for treatment
what baseline tests were used to measure the severity of depression? (3)
- Beck’s Depression Inventory
- Scrambled Sentences test
- Depression questionnaire
what secondary measures were used? (2)
- -repetitive thinking questionnaire
- short questionnaire to provide an evaluation of treatment
how long was the daily treatment of CBM?
20 mins
how did the ppts do the CBM treatment?
ppts used their imagination
how many weeks did the CBM treatment last?
1 week
how long did the iCBT programme last?
10 weeks
how many online sessions did they have?
6
number the stages of Williams’ study? (8)
1- online application 2-diagnostic interviews 3-baseline measures 4-secondary measures 5- CBM for the treatment group 6-re-measured 7-iCBT treatment 8-re-measured
what were the results of Williams’ study?
- pre-treatment tests showed no significant difference
- after 1 week- there was a reduction in depression scores in the treatment group
- analysis at week 11 showed a significant reduction in all primary measures for both treatment and control group
what was the pre-treatment test results?
27.97 Vs 28
what were the significant differences after 1 week?
7 in the treatment group
2 of the control group
what were the significant reductions at week 11?
65% vs 36%
how was the treatment evaluated by ppts?
evaluated as good, easy and logical
what was good about Williams’ study? (5)
- used internet recruitment- got wide range of ppts from all over Australia
- positive training scenario recorded so all ppts heard same recording-standardized
- measures of depression e.g. beck depression inventory - high internal consistency
- ppts rejected from study given support /places to seek support
what were weaknesses of Williams’ study? (3)
- ppts had to rate themselves on their imagery of scenario- subjective
- no way of separating the effects of CBM and iCBT
- data collected 3 months after program-study only looks at short term effectiveness of treatment
