Williams

Question 1

what is this study classed as?

Answer 1

contemporary study for depression

Question 2

what was the aim of Williams’ study?

Answer 2

to test remote forms of CBT to see if imagination-based cognitive bias modification would impact positively on iCBT outcomes/ effectiveness of CBM and iCBT to treat depression

Question 3

what was the sample of Williams’ study?

Answer 3

69 patients

• recruited from online applications
• given a diagnostic interview

Question 4

what diagnostic manual was used in the diagnostic interview?

Answer 4

DSM

Question 5

how were the ppts filtered after the diagnostic interviews?

Answer 5

• substance abuse
• severity of depression
• no internet access

Question 6

how many ppts were in the control group?

Answer 6

31

Question 7

how many were in the treatment group?

Answer 7

38

Question 8

what were the control group told?

Answer 8

that they were on a waiting list for treatment

Question 9

what baseline tests were used to measure the severity of depression? (3)

Answer 9

• Beck’s Depression Inventory
• Scrambled Sentences test
• Depression questionnaire

Question 10

what secondary measures were used? (2)

Answer 10

• -repetitive thinking questionnaire

- short questionnaire to provide an evaluation of treatment

Question 11

how long was the daily treatment of CBM?

Answer 11

20 mins

Question 12

how did the ppts do the CBM treatment?

Answer 12

ppts used their imagination

Question 13

how many weeks did the CBM treatment last?

Answer 13

1 week

Question 14

how long did the iCBT programme last?

Answer 14

10 weeks

Question 15

how many online sessions did they have?

Answer 15

6

Question 16

number the stages of Williams’ study? (8)

Answer 16

1- online application
2-diagnostic interviews
3-baseline measures
4-secondary measures
5- CBM for the treatment group
6-re-measured 
7-iCBT treatment
8-re-measured

Question 17

what were the results of Williams’ study?

Answer 17

• pre-treatment tests showed no significant difference
• after 1 week- there was a reduction in depression scores in the treatment group
• analysis at week 11 showed a significant reduction in all primary measures for both treatment and control group

Question 18

what was the pre-treatment test results?

Answer 18

27.97 Vs 28

Question 19

what were the significant differences after 1 week?

Answer 19

7 in the treatment group

2 of the control group

Question 20

what were the significant reductions at week 11?

Answer 20

65% vs 36%

Question 21

how was the treatment evaluated by ppts?

Answer 21

evaluated as good, easy and logical

Question 22

what was good about Williams’ study? (5)

Answer 22

• used internet recruitment- got wide range of ppts from all over Australia
• positive training scenario recorded so all ppts heard same recording-standardized
• measures of depression e.g. beck depression inventory - high internal consistency
• ppts rejected from study given support /places to seek support

Question 23

what were weaknesses of Williams’ study? (3)

Answer 23

• ppts had to rate themselves on their imagery of scenario- subjective
• no way of separating the effects of CBM and iCBT
• data collected 3 months after program-study only looks at short term effectiveness of treatment