Diagnostic Manuals Flashcards
what are the 4D’s?
-dysfunction
-distress
deviance
-danger
describe dysfunction (3)
- behaviour’s that interfere with a person’s everyday life
- can affect their working life
- inability to function normally
what does dysfunctional behaviour turn into?
Rosenthal and Saligman’s ‘Failure to function’
describe deviance (2)
- social norms=agreed ways of acting in society ‘normal ways’
- those who break them are abnormal
What is statistical deviance? (2)
- those in society who have a characteristic which is infrequent are ‘abnormal’
- if you’re more than 2Sd from the mean then you might be abnormal
describe distress? (3)
- abnormal behaviour is abnormal because it causes upset to the individual
- can thought of on a continuum (persistent and serious concern)
- deals with subjective experience
describe Danger?
- people who are a danger to themselves or others are abnormal
- can be thought of on a continuum (varying degrees to themselves or others)
what is the DSM?
a manual containing diagnostic criteria for different mental illnesses.
how does the DSM IV diagnose?
used the axis system to diagnose
in DSM IV, what does Axis 1 focus on?
clinical disorders
in DSM IV, what does Axis 2 focus on?
personality disorders and mental ‘retardation’
in DSM IV, what does Axis 3 focus on?
medical issues which might influence their illness
in DSM IV, what does Axis 4 focus on?
psychosocial and environmental factors affecting the person
in DSM IV, what does Axis 5 focus on?
g assessment of functioning
in what year did the DSM diagnostic manual update to DSM V?
2015
what changes were made in the DMS V? (4)
- removing the 5 types of schizophrenia
- removing the axis system
- removing the clause for bereavement in depression
- combining Aspbergers with autism
what is the ICD?
a manual with criteria that diagnosis mental and physical illnesses on a worldwide scale
who created the ICD?
World Health Organisation
what section are mental illnesses found in the ICD?
section V
what differences are there between the DSM and the ICD? (3)
- ICD is worldwide
- ICD looks at all illnesses
- duration is needed before diagnosis in the ICD
which diagnostic manual is more commonly used? what percentage?
ICD- 70%
what is found in the ICD regarding culture? (2)
- cross-cultural illnesses
- culturally bound syndromes
what does the ICD have for each illness? (4)
- incidence
- prevalence
- mortality
- morbidity
who created the DSM?
APA in the USA
name 2 pieces of supporting evidence? and why they support it?
- Jakobsen et al-completed random sample of danish [atients with Sz-ICD-10 showed 93%accuracy
- Goldstein-found 169/199 patients diagnosed with Sz from DSM-II met DSM-III criteria too-reliable-same diagnosis regardless of manual- inter-rater reliability
name 3 pieces of conflicting evidence? and why they conflict it?
- Rosenham-presented with symptoms of existential crises-lying can fool DSM-lowers validity
- males and females diagnosed differently from same symptoms- lower validity and reliability- doctor bias
- Jakobsen et al-completed random sample of Danish Sz patients-not 100%accuracy
