Diagnostic Manuals

Question 1

what are the 4D’s?

Answer 1

-dysfunction
-distress
deviance
-danger

Question 2

describe dysfunction (3)

Answer 2

• behaviour’s that interfere with a person’s everyday life
• can affect their working life
• inability to function normally

Question 3

what does dysfunctional behaviour turn into?

Answer 3

Rosenthal and Saligman’s ‘Failure to function’

Question 4

describe deviance (2)

Answer 4

• social norms=agreed ways of acting in society ‘normal ways’
• those who break them are abnormal

Question 5

What is statistical deviance? (2)

Answer 5

• those in society who have a characteristic which is infrequent are ‘abnormal’
• if you’re more than 2Sd from the mean then you might be abnormal

Question 6

describe distress? (3)

Answer 6

• abnormal behaviour is abnormal because it causes upset to the individual
• can thought of on a continuum (persistent and serious concern)
• deals with subjective experience

Question 7

describe Danger?

Answer 7

• people who are a danger to themselves or others are abnormal
• can be thought of on a continuum (varying degrees to themselves or others)

Question 8

what is the DSM?

Answer 8

a manual containing diagnostic criteria for different mental illnesses.

Question 9

how does the DSM IV diagnose?

Answer 9

used the axis system to diagnose

Question 10

in DSM IV, what does Axis 1 focus on?

Answer 10

clinical disorders

Question 11

in DSM IV, what does Axis 2 focus on?

Answer 11

personality disorders and mental ‘retardation’

Question 12

in DSM IV, what does Axis 3 focus on?

Answer 12

medical issues which might influence their illness

Question 13

in DSM IV, what does Axis 4 focus on?

Answer 13

psychosocial and environmental factors affecting the person

Question 14

in DSM IV, what does Axis 5 focus on?

Answer 14

g assessment of functioning

Question 15

in what year did the DSM diagnostic manual update to DSM V?

Answer 15

2015

Question 16

what changes were made in the DMS V? (4)

Answer 16

• removing the 5 types of schizophrenia
• removing the axis system
• removing the clause for bereavement in depression
• combining Aspbergers with autism

Question 17

what is the ICD?

Answer 17

a manual with criteria that diagnosis mental and physical illnesses on a worldwide scale

Question 18

who created the ICD?

Answer 18

World Health Organisation

Question 19

what section are mental illnesses found in the ICD?

Answer 19

section V

Question 20

what differences are there between the DSM and the ICD? (3)

Answer 20

• ICD is worldwide
• ICD looks at all illnesses
• duration is needed before diagnosis in the ICD

Question 21

which diagnostic manual is more commonly used? what percentage?

Answer 21

ICD- 70%

Question 22

what is found in the ICD regarding culture? (2)

Answer 22

• cross-cultural illnesses

- culturally bound syndromes

Question 23

what does the ICD have for each illness? (4)

Answer 23

• incidence
• prevalence
• mortality
• morbidity

Question 24

who created the DSM?

Answer 24

APA in the USA

Question 25

name 2 pieces of supporting evidence? and why they support it?

Answer 25

• Jakobsen et al-completed random sample of danish [atients with Sz-ICD-10 showed 93%accuracy
• Goldstein-found 169/199 patients diagnosed with Sz from DSM-II met DSM-III criteria too-reliable-same diagnosis regardless of manual- inter-rater reliability

Question 26

name 3 pieces of conflicting evidence? and why they conflict it?

Answer 26

• Rosenham-presented with symptoms of existential crises-lying can fool DSM-lowers validity
• males and females diagnosed differently from same symptoms- lower validity and reliability- doctor bias
• Jakobsen et al-completed random sample of Danish Sz patients-not 100%accuracy