Depression-cognitive explanation Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the cognitive theory of depression argue?

A

that depression is caused by a faulty thinking process

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2
Q

what is catastrophising?

A

-escalating smaller problems into much bigger ones

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3
Q

what are attributional styles?

A

-how you explain causes pf events

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4
Q

what are the 3 dimensions to attribution for people with depression?

A
  • internal-personal-blame themselves
  • stable-event always happens
  • global-generalise event/outcome to every future event
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5
Q

what are the 4 elements to the cognitive explanation of depression?

A
  • negative attributional style
  • negative self-schemas
  • learned helplessness
  • Beck’s Negative Triad
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6
Q

what is Beck’s negative triad?

A

-the idea that depressed people have negative views about the world that influence their feelings about themselves and their expectations of the future

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7
Q

what are the elements to Beck’s negative triad? (3)

A
  • negative views about oneself
  • negative views about the world
  • negative views about the future
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8
Q

what is negative self-schemas? (2)

A
  • if we have a negative self-schema we interpret all info about ourselves in a negative way
  • past bad experiences create negative thoughts
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9
Q

what is learned helplessness?

A

the idea that if we face obstacles a few times then we give up on that task that has obstacles and become ‘helpless’

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10
Q

what are 3 things faulty information processing can lead to?

A
  • catastrophising- a single negative event is blown into the precursor of a disaster
  • all-or-nothing thinking- something goes wrong=everything e;se will go wrong
  • disqualifying the positive- when someone says something positive about you, you just brush it off
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11
Q

what symptoms of depression can the cognitive explanation of depression explain? (8)

A
  • suicidal thoughts- Beck’s triad of impairment-constant gloomy thoughts
  • low interest/pleasure in activity-learned helplessness- don’t want obstacles so just give up/lose interest
  • low mood-fault info processing/neg schemas
  • change in appetite- faulty info processing/ neg attributional style
  • concentration- beck’s neg triad
  • fatigue-attributional styles
  • feelings of guilt-neg triad
  • sleep-beck’s neg triad
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12
Q

SUPPORTING

A
  • Seligman- electric shocked dogs when almost got to top of hill- after a few times of doing it they stopped climbing-learned helplessness
  • Yost&Weary-compared attributions to depressed patients and non-depressed patients-depressed people blame themselves for neg things
  • Beck- depressed and control group kept diary-depressed people had more neg judgements about themselves
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13
Q

CONFLICTING (1)

A

-Lewinsohn et al- researched adolescent depression-found dysfunctional attitudes displayed when stressed
BUT couldn’t establish a cause and effect

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14
Q

OTHER EXPLANATION (4)

A

-monoamine hypothesis better- explains symptoms e.g. fatigue, sleep, appetite, lack of energy
-monoamine hypothesis better- objectively measure-cog have to self report
+cog better- explains symptoms- low mood, suicidal thoughts
-cog better- aims to look at route cause and basis of CBT

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15
Q

USEFULNESS (4)

A

+Beck’s neg triad-focus on in treatments
+gives depressed patient control of their illness
-blames person for depression- ‘snap out of it’
+face validity

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16
Q

TESTABILITY (2)

A

+longitudinal research- allows research into changes of depressive symptoms
-longitudinal research-depressive people=vulnerable people-high attrition rates