Wilfrid Sellars - Scientific image of man

Question 1

Extroversion and Introversion

Answer 1

Refers to the outward focus on the immediate environment (extroversion) versus inward reflection (introversion) as markers of human consciousness progression

Question 2

Analysis and Synthesis

Answer 2

Sellars challenges the idea of philosophy solely as analysis (breaking down knowledge) and advocates for synthesis (bringing together various aspects of knowledge for a coherent understanding)

Question 3

Analogy

Answer 3

Describes how philosophy clarifies subjects for other disciplines and emphasizes the importance of ongoing reflection and synthesis

Question 4

Manifest and Scientific Images

Answer 4

Represent everyday understanding versus theoretical scientific understanding of the world, respectively

Question 5

Categorical and Empirical refinement

Answer 5

Refinement of understanding within existing frameworks (empirical) versus restructuring fundamental categories and principles (categorical)

Question 6

Perennial Philosophy

Answer 6

Emphasizes enduring truths across cultures, religions, and historical periods

Question 7

Basic Objects

Answer 7

Fundamental entities, with persons being primary in the manifest image

Question 8

Spirit and Mind

Answer 8

Sellars suggests a shift away from dualistic theories influenced by the manifest image

Question 9

Habits (Habituation)

Answer 9

Patterns in human behavior, distinct from animal habits

Question 10

Cause

Answer 10

Beyond simple causation, extending to predictability, especially in scientific contexts

Question 11

Consciousness

Answer 11

The perception of the world and self-awareness, emphasizing its reality and structure

Question 12

Conceptual/Rational Thinking

Answer 12

Involves associations of thoughts and rational connections beyond perceptible nature

Question 13

Robinson Crusoe Conception

Answer 13

Explores the influence of social norms on individual thinking

Question 14

Scientific or Unscientific Man

Answer 14

Contrasts the manifest image with the scientific image of humanity

Question 15

Behaviorism

Answer 15

Aligns with observable behavior but may overlook internal mental processes

Question 16

Iffy Properties

Answer 16

Uncertain characteristics in behavioristics, especially relevant to human behavior

Question 17

Manifest Objects

Answer 17

Appearances perceived by human minds, representing underlying realities

Question 18

Descartes: Sensation Vs. physical objects.

Answer 18

Differentiates between qualities existing in sensation versus independent physical objects

Descartes proposed that qualities like color exist only in sensation, attributing them to the mind of the perceiver rather than to independent physical objects.

Question 19

Introspection

Answer 19

Introspection is the process of directly knowing our own thoughts and mental states, much like how we perceive objects in the external world.

Question 20

Consciousness as Physical

Answer 20

Understanding consciousness within the context of neurophysiological processes