Hansson - Science and pseudoscience

Question 1

Demarcations

Answer 1

Boundaries or distinctions made to separate scientific endeavors from non-scientific or pseudoscientific activities

Question 2

Science Denial

Answer 2

The act of rejecting established scientific consensus, often leading to delays or hindered progress in addressing issues such as climate change

Question 3

Political Economy

Answer 3

The study of the production and distribution of wealth and resources within societies

Question 4

Sociology

Answer 4

The study of human society, social relationships, and institutions

Question 5

Non-Science

Answer 5

Areas of study or practices that do not adhere to the methodologies or principles of science, including metaphysics, religion, and non-scientific systematized knowledge

Question 6

Facsimile Science

Answer 6

A term describing practices or beliefs that mimic the outward appearance of science but lack its essential characteristics

Question 7

Doctrinal Component

Answer 7

Refers to the ideological or belief-based aspects of pseudoscientific practices

Question 8

Objects of Demarcation

Answer 8

Rational institutions that define and distinguish non-scientific practices from scientific ones

Question 9

Logical Positivists

Answer 9

A philosophical movement emphasizing the importance of empirical verification in determining the validity of scientific claims

Question 10

Falsificationism

Answer 10

A criterion proposing that scientific theories must be capable of being proven false through observation or experimentation

Question 11

Puzzle-Solving Criterion

Answer 11

The idea that scientific progress is marked by the ability to solve puzzles within the framework of accepted theories

Question 12

Epistemic Norms

Answer 12

Standards or principles guiding scientific inquiry, such as communalism, disinterestedness, and organized skepticism

Question 13

Multi-Criterial Approaches

Answer 13

Utilizing multiple criteria to evaluate the scientific validity of theories or practices

Question 14

Science Denialism

Answer 14

The rejection or distortion of established scientific consensus, often leading to the promotion of fake controversies

Question 15

Pseudo-Theory Promotion

Answer 15

The act of presenting pseudoscientific ideas in a manner that appears compatible with mainstream science while discrediting established scientific knowledge