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Abnormal and therapeutic (EXAM PREP) > wiley+ > Flashcards

wiley+ Flashcards

1
Q 
From the perspective of psychopathology, in the concept of “nature versus nurture” which of the following would fit the criteria for “nurture”?
A
Option A: cultural lineage
B
Option B: private behavior
C
Option C: family income
D
Option D: genetic expression
A

c

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2
Q

Which of the following best describes the concept of polygenic causal factors in psychopathology?
A
Option A: Psychopathology is caused in part by the actions of multiple genes.
B
Option B: Psychopathology is caused by one gene appearing in many expressions.
C
Option C: Psychopathology is caused by genes inherited from both parents.
D
Option D: Psychopathology is caused by multiple genes regardless of other factors.

A

a

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3
Q 
Which of the following reflects the shared environment of a ten-year-old boy?
A
Option A: playing on a soccer team
B
Option B: getting bitten by a dog
C
Option C: living in a trailer park
D
Option D: being on the honor roll
A

c

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4
Q 
Being shy and reserved among new people is an example of a person’s
A
Option A: stereotype.
B
Option B: genotype.
C
Option C: phenotype.
D
Option D: archetype.
A

c

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5
Q

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of genes and the environment in psychopathology?
A
Option A: Genes and the environment have a reciprocal relationship in psychopathology.
B
Option B: Genes and the environment have distinctly separate roles in psychopathology.
C
Option C: Environmental factors have dominance over genetic factors in psychopathology.
D
Option D: Genetic factors have dominance over environmental factors in psychopathology.

A

a

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6
Q 
In New York City, architecture firms will contact someone on a bicycle and rush blueprints to a client across town. Which of the following serves a similar function in the brain?
A
Option A: neurotransmitters
B
Option B: agonists
C
Option C: schemas
D
Option D: hormones
A

a

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7
Q

Like most people, Jenna’s brain cannot use all of the serotonin it produces. The excess is captured by which of the following mechanisms?
A
Option A: reductionism, which occurs in transcription SNPs
B
Option B: reuptake, which occurs in presynaptic neurons
C
Option C: transference, which occurs in postsynaptic axons
D
Option D: sublimation, which occurs in polypeptide alleles

A

b

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8
Q 
Rodrigo has just seen a hungry shark while paddle boarding. How does his sympathetic nervous system react?
A
Option A: by relaxing his bladder
B
Option B: by slowing his heartbeat
C
Option C: by contracting his pupils
D
Option D: by stimulating his digestion
A

a

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9
Q 
When a person coughs and feels a cold coming on, what has already leapt into action in the body?
A
Option A: stress hormones
B
Option B: autonomic nerves
C
Option C: specific immunity
D
Option D: natural immunity
A

d

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10
Q 
Olivia’s doctor believes that her neuroendocrine system plays a significant role in her social anxiety disorder. Which of the following would the doctor say specifically is a cause of Olivia’s psychopathology?
A
Option A: pruning
B
Option B: dopamine
C
Option C: stress
D
Option D: genes
A

c

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11
Q 
A parent who gives a cookie to a child to stop her from fussing at naptime and discovers that the child then fusses every day before naptime has engaged in what process?
A
Option A: fulfillment
B
Option B: engagement
C
Option C: reinforcement
D
Option D: entitlement
A

c

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12
Q 
A person with a fear of snakes who looks at photos of snakes, then watches videos of snakes, then pets and, finally, holds a snake is receiving what type of treatment?
A
Option A: intermittent reinforcement
B
Option B: schematic restructuring
C
Option C: gradual exposure
D
Option D: synaptic pruning
A

c

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13
Q 
The other day, Paolo noticed a car parked in front of a fire hydrant and decided the driver is an irresponsible person who has no concern for others’ welfare. Which key aspect of psychology best reflects Paolo’s experience?
A
Option A: analysis
B
Option B: emotion
C
Option C: behavior
D
Option D: cognition
A

d

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14
Q 
As a cognitive behavioral therapist, James likes to focus on his client’s thought patterns because he considers them to be
A
Option A: symptoms of their disorders.
B
Option B: responses to their disorders.
C
Option C: causes of their disorders.
D
Option D: defenses against their disorders.
A

c

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15
Q 
A researcher who notes the smile on a person’s face is focused on which component of human emotion?
A
Option A: psychological
B
Option B: expressive
C
Option C: physiological
D
Option D: subjective
A

b

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16
Q 
The way a person would likely feel every day in a world without problems or psychological disorders is a good example of
A
Option A: perfect emotion.
B
Option B: optimal attitude.
C
Option C: ideal affect.
D
Option D: expressive mood.
A

c

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17
Q 
Malik’s therapist believes that his inability to have lasting friendships is due to the way his mother interacted with him as an infant. Which of the following concepts is the therapist referring to?
A
Option A: attachment theory
B
Option B: interpersonal theory
C
Option C: implicit memory
D
Option D: cognitive structuring
A

a

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18
Q 
A mother who feels sad and unfulfilled now that her young children are all in school is experiencing which key focus area of interpersonal therapy?
A
Option A: unresolved grief
B
Option B: role disputes
C
Option C: social deficits
D
Option D: role transitions
A

d

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19
Q 
Genetic diatheses and environmental stress have what type of role in relation to psychopathology?
A
Option A: uncoordinated
B
Option B: interactive
C
Option C: sequential
D
Option D: passive
A

b

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20
Q 
Madison thinks her therapist can get too technical sometimes. He recently said that her father’s struggles with depression are a diathesis for her own mood disorders. Which of the following might help Madison understand what he means by a diathesis?
A
Option A: stress-induced symptom
B
Option B: elevated risk factor
C
Option C: environmental disruption
D
Option D: conditioned response
A

b

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21
Q 
The process by which genes are turned on or off is referred to as
A
Option A: heritability.
B
Option B: gene expression.
C
Option C: polygenic.
D
Option D: gene switching.
A

b

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22
Q

Sam and Sally are twins raised by their biological parents. Sam excelled in music and was in the high school band; Sally was the star basketball player on the team. They both received top-notch grades, and they both had part-time jobs at the bagel store. An example of shared environment variable would be ______; an example of a non-shared environment variable would be
A
Option A: Band for Sam; basketball for Sally.
B
Option B: Their parent’s relationship; work.
C
Option C: Their parents’ relationship; activities.
D
Option D: School activities; their parents’ relationship.

A

c

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23
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to different forms of the same gene; \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to different genes contributing to a disorder.
A
Option A: Polymorphism; allele
B
Option B: Allele; polymorphism
C
Option C: Allele; polygenic
D
Option D: Polygenic; allele
A

c

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24
Q

In the Caspi and colleagues (2003) gene-environment interaction study of depression, those who were at highest risk for developing depression were
A
Option A: those who were maltreated as children and had at least one short allele of the 5-HTT gene.
B
Option B: those who were maltreated as children and had a biological parent with depression.
C
Option C: those who were maltreated as children and had at least one long allele of the 5-HTT gene.
D
Option D: those who were not maltreated as children but had at least one short allele of the 5-HTT gene.

A

a

25
Q 
SNPs tell us about the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of genes, and CNVs tell us about the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of genes.
A
Option A: DNA; RNA
B
Option B: structure; sequence
C
Option C: sequence; structure
D
Option D: DNA; polymorphism
A

c

26
Q

The gray matter of the brain consists of the tracts of myelinated fibers that connect cells; the white matter of the brain refers to the brain’s cells or neurons.

A

Option A: True

B

Option B:False

A

b

27
Q

Neurotransmitters that are studied in psychopathology include norepinephrine which can produce states of high arousal, and GABA which inhibits nerve impulses.

A

Option A: True

B

Option B:False

A

a

28
Q

The HPA axis consists of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex.

A

Option A: True

B

Option B:False

A

a

29
Q

The so-called limbic system of the brain includes the following brain areas: hypothalamus, anterior cingulate, septal area, hippocampus, amygdala.

A

Option A: True

B

Option B:False

A

a

30
Q 
Which of the following is the best metaphor for the journey a message takes between neurons?
A
Option A: crossing a bridge
B
Option B: taking a highway ramp
C
Option C: riding an elevator
D
Option D: jumping a canyon
A

d

31
Q 
Which of the following is the best metaphor for the effect of an agonist on a neurotransmitter receptor?
A
Option A: jumpstarting a car battery
B
Option B: screwing in a light bulb
C
Option C: putting gas into a car
D
Option D: unplugging a lamp
A

a

32
Q 
Which of the following pairs represents a combination of natural and specific immunity working together to combat an infection?
A
Option A: macrophages and T-cells
B
Option B: lymphocytes and GABA
C
Option C: serotonin and dopamine
D
Option D: T-cells and B-cells
A

a

33
Q

Which of the following is the best example of reductionism?
A
Option A: the belief that a person’s attitude is a key factor in losing weight
B
Option B: the belief that people must eat less and exercise to lose weight
C
Option C: the belief that a person’s weight is overvalued in society
D
Option D: the belief that people can lose weight simply by eating less

A

d

34
Q 
Hannah has a disorder that is caused by her brain’s lack of response to a certain neurotransmitter. Her psychiatrist prescribed medication that makes her brain act as if it is responding normally to the neurotransmitter. What type of drug is Hannah taking?
A
Option A: activist
B
Option B: antagonist
C
Option C: agonist
D
Option D: protagonist
A

c

35
Q 
Chiang’s doctor prescribed her a drug that blocks receptors for the neurotransmitter dopamine. What category of drugs is Chiang taking?
A
Option A: an interleukin
B
Option B: a lymphokine
C
Option C: an antidepressant
D
Option D: an antipsychotic
A

d

36
Q 
Paulette was chased on her bike by a large snarling, snapping dog. She managed to elude him, but feels shaky and on edge. When will the stress response from Paulette’s neuroendocrine system reach its peak?
A
Option A: after about 5 minutes
B
Option B: after about 1 hour
C
Option C: after about 2 hours
D
Option D: after about 30 minutes
A

d

37
Q 
An armed man asks Charlene to hand over her purse. She wants to scream or run, but she gives him the purse and he leaves, which activates Charlene’s parasympathetic nervous system. What is happening to her body at this moment? Select all that apply.
A
Option A : Her pupils are dilating.
B
Option B : Her bladder is contracting.
C
Option C : Her bronchi are contracting.
D
Option D : Her heart rate is increasing.
E
Option E : Her digestion is slowing.
A

b and c

38
Q

Which of the following correctly depicts the journey of a signal from one neuron to another?
A
Option A: synapse > dendrite > axon > receptor
B
Option B: dendrite > axon > synapse > receptor
C
Option C: axon > receptor > synapse > dendrite
D
Option D: receptor > axon > dendrite > synapse

A

b

39
Q

Which of the following is a metaphor for the neurological process known as reuptake?
A
Option A: texting someone to come home
B
Option B: taking aspirin for a fever
C
Option C: donating clothes that don’t fit
D
Option D: putting leftover food into a bowl

A

d

40
Q 
Dr. Miles is giving a speech to college students that discounts all environmental influences on mood and behavior. He believes that psychological disorders are caused only by chemicals and processes in the brain. Which term reflects the doctor’s perspective?
A
Option A: antagonism
B
Option B: rationalism
C
Option C: empiricism
D
Option D: reductionism
A

d

41
Q 
After a party, the hosts usually gather up and put away all the snacks that the guests didn’t eat. Which of the following plays the same role for a brain party with GABA snacks?
A
Option A: occipital lobe
B
Option B: temporal lobe
C
Option C: presynaptic neurons
D
Option D: postsynaptic neurons
A

c

42
Q 
When researchers study the role of the brain in psychopathology, which of the following do they focus on? Select all that apply.
A
Option A : hypothalamus
B
Option B : pons
C
Option C : central sulcus
D
Option D : amygdala
E
Option E : corpus callosum
F
Option F : HPA-axis
A

A and D

43
Q 
Whenever Joshua sees a snake, he breaks into a sweat and trembles with fear. Which of the following structures might play a role in Joshua’s response? Select all that apply.
A
Option A : temporal lobe
B
Option B : amygdala
C
Option C : ventricles
D
Option D : cerebellum
E
Option E : hypothalamus
A

B and E

44
Q 
Beatriz just had a fit of sneezing and knows she’s coming down with a cold. What is now being released in her body?
A
Option A: GABA
B
Option B: cytokines
C
Option C: adrenaline
D
Option D: cortisol
A

b

45
Q 
Which of the following is the best metaphor for a neurotransmitter?
A
Option A: a plane
B
Option B: a delivery truck
C
Option C: a telegraph wire
D
Option D: a train
A

a

46
Q 
Which of the following is the best metaphor for an antagonist’s effect on the receptors of a neurotransmitter?
A
Option A: plugging in a lamp
B
Option B: jumpstarting a car battery
C
Option C: turning off a circuit breaker
D
Option D: putting gas into a car
A

c

47
Q

Macrophages and B cells represent a combination of which two concepts?
A
Option A: limbic system and autonomic system
B
Option B: presynaptic cells and postsynaptic cells
C
Option C: natural immunity and specific immunity
D
Option D: reuptake and pruning

A

c

48
Q 
Which of the following is the best synonym for reductionism?
A
Option A: pragmatism
B
Option B: realism
C
Option C: fatalism
D
Option D: minimalism
A

d

49
Q 
Keys fitting into a locks is a metaphor for which of the following?
A
Option A: neurotransmitters and receptors
B
Option B: agonists and antagonists
C
Option C: neurons and synapses
D
Option D: gray matter and ventricles
A

a

50
Q 
Tuan has been diagnosed with a disorder that is caused by his brain overreacting to a particular neurotransmitter. His doctor has prescribed a drug that will lower his brain’s response to the neurotransmitter. What type of drug is Tuan taking?
A
Option A: activist
B
Option B: protagonist
C
Option C: agonist
D
Option D: antagonist
A

d

51
Q 
Luis has social anxiety disorder and barely made it through his class speech with sweaty palms and shaky knees. When will his neuroendocrine system return Luis to a normal level?
A
Option A: about 5 minutes
B
Option B: about 1 hour
C
Option C: about 2 hours
D
Option D: about 20 minutes
A

b

52
Q 
Luis has social anxiety disorder and barely made it through his class speech with sweaty palms and shaky knees. When will his neuroendocrine system return Luis to a normal level?
A
Option A: about 5 minutes
B
Option B: about 1 hour
C
Option C: about 2 hours
D
Option D: about 20 minutes
A

a

53
Q 
Monique was surprised to discover that her brain was being pruned while she was in college. Now that the pruning process is complete, which of the following describes Monique’s brain? Select all that apply.
A
Option A : more sympathetic
B
Option B : less dense
C
Option C : more efficient
D
Option D : more dense
E
Option E : less efficient
F
Option F : less sympathetic
A

b and c

54
Q 
Business has been slow at Ling’s company and several people have recently been let go. Ling has just been called to meet with her boss, and thinks she might be next on the chopping block. Which part of Ling’s neuroendocrine system is activated?
A
Option A: amygdala
B
Option B: HPA-axis
C
Option C: basal ganglia
D
Option D: HTT-transporter
A

b

55
Q 
Marcel’s psychiatrist has prescribed him an antidepressant medication that targets serotonin. What process in Marcel’s brain will be impacted by the drug?
A
Option A: pruning
B
Option B: reduction
C
Option C: restructuring
D
Option D: reuptake
A

d

56
Q 
Carmen pours some milk into a glass for her son, who spills some of it on the table while drinking it. When Carmen mops up the spilled milk with a sponge, this is similar to which process in the brain?
A
Option A: pruning
B
Option B: inflammation
C
Option C: inhibitory messaging
D
Option D: reuptake
A

d

57
Q 
A man with a gun is asking Monte to hand over all the money from the store’s cash register, which activates Monte’s sympathetic nervous system. What is happening to Monte’s body at this moment? Select all that apply.
A
Option A : His digestion is slowing.
B
Option B : His pupils are dilating.
C
Option C : His bronchi are contracting.
D
Option D : His bladder is contracting.
E
Option E : His heart rate is slowing.
A

a and b

58
Q 
After reviewing current research in neurobiology, Kim still believes that psychopathology is caused solely by people’s emotional and cognitive response to their environment. Kim’s perspective can be described as
A
Option A: isolationist.
B
Option B: rational.
C
Option C: classical.
D
Option D: reductionist.
A

d

59
Q

The correct journey of a signal from one neuron to another is depicted by which of the following?
A
Option A: cell body > axon > terminal button > synapse > receptor
B
Option B: receptor > terminal button > synapse > cell body > axon
C
Option C: axon > receptor > synapse > cell body > terminal button
D
Option D: synapse > terminal button > axon > dendrite > cell body

A

a

Abnormal and therapeutic (EXAM PREP) (11 decks)

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