Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abnormal and therapeutic (EXAM PREP) > Chapter 1 - Introduction & Historical Overview > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Introduction & Historical Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Operant conditioning is associated with who?

A

Thorndike (1874-1949)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ego

A

Deals with reality - reality principle - mediates between demands of reality and the demands of the Id for immediate gratification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the 2 components of systematic desensitisation

A

Deep muscle relaxtion Gradual exposure to feared situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The belief that odd behaviour was caused by possession, led to what method of treatment?

A

Exorcism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In what 3 ways does Freud still have influence today?

A
  1. Childhood experiences help shape adult personality 2. There are unconscious influences on behaviour 3. The causes and purposes of human behaviour are not always obvious
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 examples of mental health and health profession strategies

A

Mental health evaluations Education and training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Id

A

Seeks pleasure - immediate gratification - pleasure principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Charcot ( 1825 - 1893) believe about hysteria? What method did he use to treat it?

A

He believed it was both physical and psychological and used hypnosis to treat it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does behaviorism focus on?

A

Observable behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rational emotive behaviour therapy assumptions

A

Emotional reactions as a result of things people tell themselves Concept of demandingness the must and shoulds people place upon themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many people had been forcibly sterilised by 1945?

A

45,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A movement that prevented certain people from having kids and getting married and forced sterilisations

A

Eugenics movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most stigmatised condition in the 21st century?

A

Psychological disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development?

A

Oral anal phallic latency genital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 3 classifications did Hippocrates use for psychological disorders?

A

Mania Melancholia Phrenitis (brain fever)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

By changing the way people think, therapists hope to change the way their clients feel and behave and reduce symtpoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What 3 parts make up the structure of the mind (psyche)?

A

Id Ego Superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give an example of negative reinforcement

A

Smack a child for doing wrong, then give it a toy. The toy becomes a reinforcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

A behaviour is likely to be repeated when a pleasant event occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who joined with Brueur to develop psychoanalysis?

A

Freud ( 1856-1939)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Freud believed that human behaviour was determined by what?

A

Forces inaccessible to awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Operant techniques were most effective for treating what?

A

Childhood problems through the use of intermittent reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What 3 techniques are used in psychoanalysis

A

Free association Interpretation Analysis of transference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who developed the cathartic method for treating hysteria?

A

Breuer ( 1842-1925)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hippocrates believed that mental health depended on a delicate balance of 4 humours. What are they? And what conditions did each of these imbalances produce?

A

Phlegm - sluggish and dull Black bile - melancholia Yellow bile - Irritability and anxiousness Blood - Changeable temperament

26
Q

Examples of demonological thinking can be found in the records of which early civilisations?

A

Chinese Egyprians Babylonians Greeks

27
Q

Psychoanalytic theory (psychoanalysis)

A

A method used to understand early childhood experiences, the nature of key relationships, and the pattern of current relationships

28
Q

What was Galton’s field of study and when did he have influence?

A

Genetics 1822-1911

29
Q

Describe the law of effect

A

Behaviour which leads to a positive consequence is likely to be repeated Behaviour that leads to a negative consequence is likely to be discouraged

30
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of stigma?

A

1 - Label applied to a group of people that distinguishes them from others 2. Label linked to deviant or undesirable attributes by society 3. Contributes to an “us and them” mentality 4. Discrimination of people with the label

31
Q

What is Pavlov (1849-1936) famous for?

A

Classical conditioning

32
Q

What does Breuer’s cathartic method involve?

A

Hypnosis to release emotional tension

33
Q

What is Mesmer known for?

A

An early practitioner of modern day hypnosis

34
Q

3 examples of community strategies

A

Housing options Education Personal contact

35
Q

4 examples of public health strategies

A

Parity in Insurance coverage Discriminatory laws Employment Decriminalisation

36
Q

What is the Eugenics movement?

A

A movement that prevented certain people from having kids and getting married and forced sterilisations

37
Q

In the 5th Century, Hippocrates (The father if modern medicine) believed that mental disorders were caused by what?

A

Natural causes - Brain pathology

38
Q

When did behaviour therapy begin

A

In the 50’s

39
Q

What sexually-transmitted disease led to biological causes being recognised as explanations for causes of psychopathology

A

Syphillis >>> General paresis

40
Q

There are 2 types of reinforcement. What are they?

A

Positive Negative

41
Q

What did Mesmer believed caused hysteria?

A

It was concerned with the distribution of universal magnetic fluid in the body

42
Q

Describe 3 things associated with individual psychology

A

People inextricable tied to their society - fulfillment in doing things for social good Helping people change their illogical and mistaken ideas and expectations Start of behaviour therapy

43
Q

What 4 things are associated with analytical psychology

A

Collective unconscious Masculine and feminine traits Spiritual and religious urges are as basic as Id urges Introversion-extroversion

44
Q

Defence mechanisms

A

Strategies used by the ego to protect itself from anxiety

45
Q

What has contributed to stigmatisation?

A

The ways that people with psychological disorders were treated in history

46
Q

Modelling

A

Learning through watching and imitating others

47
Q

Name the 5 characteristics of psychological disorders

A
  1. Occurs within the Individual 2.Clinically significant in thinking, feeling, and behaving 3. Personal Distress involved 4. Not a culturally specific reaction to an event 5. Not primarily as a result of social deviance or conflict
48
Q

4 strategic approaches for fighting against stigma

A

Policy and legislative strategies Community strategies Individual and family strategies Mental health and health profession strategies

49
Q

Superego

A

Conscience - Incorporates parental values

50
Q

What is psychoanalytic theory based on?

A

The idea that psychopathology results from unconscious conflicts within individuals

51
Q

What does operant conditioning explore?

A

The effects of consequences on behaviour

52
Q

Roots of cognitive therapy

A

Beck’s cognitive therapy Ellis - Rational emotive behaviour therapy

53
Q

Analytical psychology associated with who?

A

Jung 1875-1961

54
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

A behaviour is likely to be repeated via removal of aversive agent

55
Q

2 examples of individual and family strategies

A

Education for individuals and families Support and advocacy groups

56
Q

When did modelling techniques start to be used?

A

In the 60’s

57
Q

The field of individual psychology is connected to who?

A

Adler 1870 - 1937

58
Q

What treatments did hypocrates suggest for melancholia?

A

Tranquility, sobriety, good eating and drinking, and abstinence from sexual activity - i.e a naturalistic approach

59
Q

Why do many textbooks begin with a chapter on the history of the field?

A

Important to consider how concepts and approaches have changed (or not) over time We can learn from past mistakes, and appreciate how current concepts and approaches may change in the future

60
Q

Who is associated with modelling

A

Bandura, 1968

61
Q

Give 3 examples of early biological treatments

A

Insulin induced comas ECT therapy Prefrontal labotomies

62
Q

What does a fixation at any of these 5 stages lead to?

A

regression

Abnormal and therapeutic (EXAM PREP) (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions