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Abnormal and therapeutic (EXAM PREP) > Chapter 5 - Mood disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Mood disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Psychomotor agitation

A

Inability to sit still (pacing, fidgeting) for people suffering from depression

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2
Q

A personality trait that involves the tendency to react to events with greater-than-average negative affect

A

Neuroticism

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3
Q

Diagnosis of this disorder requires five depressive symptoms to be present for at least 2 weeks

A

Major depressive disorder

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4
Q

Bipolar II Disorder

A

A disorder that include an experience of at least one major depressive episode and at least one episode of hypomania

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5
Q

Slow thoughts and movement seen in some people suffering from depression

A

Psychomotor retardation

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6
Q

Dysthymia (Chronic Depressive Disorder)

A

Mood disorder wherein the person is chronically depressed for more than half of the time for at least 2 years

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7
Q

Expressed Emotion (EE)

A

This term is defined as a family member’s critical or hostile comments toward or emotional overinvolvement with the person with depression

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8
Q

Bipolar I Disorder

A

A disorder that include a single episode of mania during the course of a person’s life

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9
Q

The amygdala, the subgenual anterior cingulate, the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

Four primary brain structures that have been most studies in depression

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10
Q

Mood disorder wherein the person is chronically depressed for more than half of the time for at least 2 years

A

Dysthymia (Chronic Depressive Disorder)

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11
Q

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having at least three manic symptoms present during a depressive episode, or at least three depressive symptoms present during a manic episode

A

Mixed features

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12
Q

Beck’s self-report scale which includes items concerning whether people would consider themselves worthwhile or lovable.

A

Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS)

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13
Q

Episodic disorder

A

Disorder that tends to be present for a period if time and then clear

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14
Q

Psychomotor retardation

A

Slow thoughts and movement seen in some people suffering from depression

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15
Q

Tryptophan

A

A precursor if serotonin

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16
Q

Three major categories of antidepressant drugs

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

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17
Q

This term involves behaviors that are meant to cause immediate bodily harm but are not intended to cause death

A

Non-suicidal self-injury

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18
Q

Clinical depression

A

Diagnosis of this disorder requires three depressive symptoms to be present for at least 10 days

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19
Q

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)

A

An adaptation of CT which focuses on relapse prevention after successful treatment for recurrent episodes of major depression

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20
Q

Seasonal pattern or Rapid cycling

A

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by episodes happening regularly at a particular time of the year with at least for episodes within the past year

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21
Q

Part of the brain present during mania but not during depression

A

Striatum

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22
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (for Depression)

A

Entails deliberately inducing a momentary seizure and unconsciousness by passing a 70- to 130-volt current through the patient’s brain

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23
Q

A less extreme form of mania

A

Hypomania

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24
Q

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

A

Symptoms of this disorder includes: sad mood or lost of pleasure in usual activities. At least five symptoms: sleeping too much or too little, psychomotor retardation or agitation, weight loss or change in appetite, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty in concentrating, thinking, or making decisions, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

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25
Q

Depressive disorders

A

Disorders which involve cardinal symptoms of depression including profound sadness and/or an inability to experience pleasure

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26
Q

Depression happening during the winter season

A

Seasonal affective disorder

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27
Q

A disorder that include an experience of at least one major depressive episode and at least one episode of hypomania

A

Bipolar II Disorder

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28
Q

An adaptation of CT which focuses on relapse prevention after successful treatment for recurrent episodes of major depression

A

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)

How well did you know this?
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5
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29
Q

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having lack of pleasure in any activity, inability to gain relief from positive events, and at least three other symptoms of depression, such as a distinct quality of mood, depressive symptoms that are worse in the morning than at other times of day, waking at least 2 hours too early, loss of appetite, psychomotor retardation or agitation or guilt

A

Melancholic features

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30
Q

A Cognitive theory of depression that states that the most important trigger of depression is hopelessness, which is defined as an expectation that (1) desirable outcomes will not occur and that (2) the person has no responses available to change this situation.

A

Hopelessness Theory

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31
Q

Striatum

A

Part of the brain present during mania but not during depression

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32
Q

Cognitive theory of depression that is associated with a negative triad: negative views of the self, the world, and the future

A

Beck’s Theory

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33
Q

Catatonic features

A

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having extreme physical immobility or excessive peculiar physical movement

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34
Q

Suicide risk severity

A

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having suicidal ideation, plans, or other risk indicators present

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35
Q

Suicide attempts

A

This term involve behaviors that are intended to cause death but do not result in death

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36
Q

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by episodes happening regularly at a particular time of the year with at least for episodes within the past year

A

Seasonal pattern or Rapid cycling

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37
Q

Atypical features

A

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having symptoms that are unusual for depressive or manic episodes present

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38
Q

A type of brain-imaging study which focuses on whether the is a change in activity of a brain region

A

Functional activation studies

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39
Q

The first model suggests that mania reflects a disturbance in the reward system of the brain

A

Reward Sensitivity

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40
Q

Attribution

A

The explanations a person forms about why a stressor has occurred

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41
Q

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by delusions or hallucinations with themes that do not march the valence if the depressive or manic episode

A

Moon-incongruent psychotic features

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42
Q

Hopelessness Theory

A

A Cognitive theory of depression that states that the most important trigger of depression is hopelessness, which is defined as an expectation that (1) desirable outcomes will not occur and that (2) the person has no responses available to change this situation.

How well did you know this?
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43
Q

Therapy aimed at relationship problems, including marital and family distress

A

Behavioral Couples Therapy (s called in the book but Family Focused Therapy also included)

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44
Q

A Cognitive theory of depression that states that a specific way of thinking called rumination may increase the risk of depression

A

Rumination Theory

45
Q

Hypomania

A

A less extreme form of mania

46
Q

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by delusions or hallucinations with themes that are consistent with mood state (guilt, disease, or death themes accompanying depression)

A

Mood-congruent psychotic features

47
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

A

A disorder that includes the presence of frequent but mild symptoms if depression altering with mild symptoms of mania which must be present for at least 2 years among adults

48
Q

Mania

A

A state if intense elation or irritability accompanied by other symptoms shown in the diagnostic criteria

49
Q

A disorder that includes the presence of frequent but mild symptoms if depression altering with mild symptoms of mania which must be present for at least 2 years among adults

A

Cyclothymic Disorder

50
Q

Diagnosis of this disorder requires three depressive symptoms to be present for at least 10 days

A

Clinical depression

51
Q

Lithium

A

A naturally occurring chemical element which is also the first mood stabilizer identified

52
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

Three major categories of antidepressant drugs

53
Q

Disorders which involves disabling disturbances in emotion

A

Mood disorders

54
Q

This term refers to thoughts of killing oneself and is much more common than attempted or completed suicide

A

Suicidal ideation

55
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A

Depression happening during the winter season

56
Q

Mood-congruent psychotic features

A

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by delusions or hallucinations with themes that are consistent with mood state (guilt, disease, or death themes accompanying depression)

57
Q

Behavioral Activation (BA) Therapy

A

Treatment based on the idea that many of the risk factors for depression can result in low levels of positive reinforcement

58
Q

Behavioral Couples Therapy (s called in the book but Family Focused Therapy also included)

A

Therapy aimed at relationship problems, including marital and family distress

59
Q

Disorder that tends to be present for a period if time and then clear

A

Episodic disorder

60
Q

Four primary brain structures that have been most studies in depression

A

The amygdala, the subgenual anterior cingulate, the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

61
Q

Melancholic features

A

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having lack of pleasure in any activity, inability to gain relief from positive events, and at least three other symptoms of depression, such as a distinct quality of mood, depressive symptoms that are worse in the morning than at other times of day, waking at least 2 hours too early, loss of appetite, psychomotor retardation or agitation or guilt

62
Q

Disorders which involve cardinal symptoms of depression including profound sadness and/or an inability to experience pleasure

A

Depressive disorders

63
Q

Cognitive Biases

A

Tendencies to process information in certain negative ways

64
Q

Suicidal ideation

A

This term refers to thoughts of killing oneself and is much more common than attempted or completed suicide

65
Q

The explanations a person forms about why a stressor has occurred

A

Attribution

66
Q

A state if intense elation or irritability accompanied by other symptoms shown in the diagnostic criteria

A

Mania

67
Q

Amygdala

A

Part of the brain that helps a person asses how emotionally important a stimulus is

68
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

A syndrome which causes oversecretion of cortisol, frequently experience depressive symptoms

69
Q

The core of the therapy is to examine major interpersonal problems, such as role transitions, interpersonal conflicts, bereavement, and interpersonal isolation

A

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

70
Q

Rumination

A

Is defined as a tendency to repetitively dwell on sad experiences and thoughts, or to chew on material again and again

71
Q

A disorder that include a single episode of mania during the course of a person’s life

A

Bipolar I Disorder

72
Q

Non-suicidal self-injury

A

This term involves behaviors that are meant to cause immediate bodily harm but are not intended to cause death

73
Q

Tendencies to process information in certain negative ways

A

Cognitive Biases

74
Q

Functional activation studies

A

A type of brain-imaging study which focuses on whether the is a change in activity of a brain region

75
Q

Suicide

A

This term involves behaviors that are intended to cause death and actually do so

76
Q

Neuroticism

A

A personality trait that involves the tendency to react to events with greater-than-average negative affect

77
Q

Reward

A

Dopamine plays a major role in the sensitivity if the ______ system in the brain, which is believed to guide pleasure, motivation and energy in the context if opportunities to obtain rewards.

78
Q

Treatment based on the idea that many of the risk factors for depression can result in low levels of positive reinforcement

A

Behavioral Activation (BA) Therapy

79
Q

Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS)

A

Beck’s self-report scale which includes items concerning whether people would consider themselves worthwhile or lovable.

80
Q

Mood disorders

A

Disorders which involves disabling disturbances in emotion

81
Q

Therapy aimed at altering maladaptive thought patterns

A

Cognitive Therapy

82
Q

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having suicidal ideation, plans, or other risk indicators present

A

Suicide risk severity

83
Q

A naturally occurring chemical element which is also the first mood stabilizer identified

A

Lithium

84
Q

Entails deliberately inducing a momentary seizure and unconsciousness by passing a 70- to 130-volt current through the patient’s brain

A

Electroconvulsive Therapy (for Depression)

85
Q

This term involve behaviors that are intended to cause death but do not result in death

A

Suicide attempts

86
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Diagnosis of this disorder requires five depressive symptoms to be present for at least 2 weeks

87
Q

Beck’s Theory

A

Cognitive theory of depression that is associated with a negative triad: negative views of the self, the world, and the future

88
Q

Rumination Theory

A

A Cognitive theory of depression that states that a specific way of thinking called rumination may increase the risk of depression

89
Q

A treatment approach that help people learn about the symptoms of the disorder, the expected time course of symptoms, the biological and psychological triggers for symptoms, and treatment strategies

A

Psychoeducational approach

90
Q

Dopamine plays a major role in the sensitivity if the ______ system in the brain, which is believed to guide pleasure, motivation and energy in the context if opportunities to obtain rewards.

A

Reward

91
Q

Structural studies

A

A type of brain-imaging study which focuses on whether a brain region is smaller or larger among people with a disorder compared to control participants

92
Q

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having symptoms that are unusual for depressive or manic episodes present

A

Atypical features

93
Q

Inability to sit still (pacing, fidgeting) for people suffering from depression

A

Psychomotor agitation

94
Q

Mixed features

A

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having at least three manic symptoms present during a depressive episode, or at least three depressive symptoms present during a manic episode

95
Q

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

A

The core of the therapy is to examine major interpersonal problems, such as role transitions, interpersonal conflicts, bereavement, and interpersonal isolation

96
Q

Moon-incongruent psychotic features

A

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by delusions or hallucinations with themes that do not march the valence if the depressive or manic episode

97
Q

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having extreme physical immobility or excessive peculiar physical movement

A

Catatonic features

98
Q

A type of brain-imaging study which focuses on whether a brain region is smaller or larger among people with a disorder compared to control participants

A

Structural studies

99
Q

Reward Sensitivity

A

The first model suggests that mania reflects a disturbance in the reward system of the brain

100
Q

Part of the brain that helps a person asses how emotionally important a stimulus is

A

Amygdala

101
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

Therapy aimed at altering maladaptive thought patterns

102
Q

This term involves behaviors that are intended to cause death and actually do so

A

Suicide

103
Q

Psychoeducational approach

A

A treatment approach that help people learn about the symptoms of the disorder, the expected time course of symptoms, the biological and psychological triggers for symptoms, and treatment strategies

104
Q

A syndrome which causes oversecretion of cortisol, frequently experience depressive symptoms

A

Cushing’s syndrome

105
Q

Is defined as a tendency to repetitively dwell on sad experiences and thoughts, or to chew on material again and again

A

Rumination

106
Q

Symptoms of this disorder includes: sad mood or lost of pleasure in usual activities. At least five symptoms: sleeping too much or too little, psychomotor retardation or agitation, weight loss or change in appetite, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty in concentrating, thinking, or making decisions, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

A

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

107
Q

This term is defined as a family member’s critical or hostile comments toward or emotional overinvolvement with the person with depression

A

Expressed Emotion (EE)

108
Q

A precursor if serotonin

A

Tryptophan

Abnormal and therapeutic (EXAM PREP) (11 decks)

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