Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Abnormal and therapeutic (EXAM PREP) > Chapter 5 - Mood disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Mood disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Psychomotor agitation

A

Inability to sit still (pacing, fidgeting) for people suffering from depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A personality trait that involves the tendency to react to events with greater-than-average negative affect

A

Neuroticism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diagnosis of this disorder requires five depressive symptoms to be present for at least 2 weeks

A

Major depressive disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bipolar II Disorder

A

A disorder that include an experience of at least one major depressive episode and at least one episode of hypomania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Slow thoughts and movement seen in some people suffering from depression

A

Psychomotor retardation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dysthymia (Chronic Depressive Disorder)

A

Mood disorder wherein the person is chronically depressed for more than half of the time for at least 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Expressed Emotion (EE)

A

This term is defined as a family member’s critical or hostile comments toward or emotional overinvolvement with the person with depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bipolar I Disorder

A

A disorder that include a single episode of mania during the course of a person’s life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The amygdala, the subgenual anterior cingulate, the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

Four primary brain structures that have been most studies in depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mood disorder wherein the person is chronically depressed for more than half of the time for at least 2 years

A

Dysthymia (Chronic Depressive Disorder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having at least three manic symptoms present during a depressive episode, or at least three depressive symptoms present during a manic episode

A

Mixed features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Beck’s self-report scale which includes items concerning whether people would consider themselves worthwhile or lovable.

A

Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Episodic disorder

A

Disorder that tends to be present for a period if time and then clear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Psychomotor retardation

A

Slow thoughts and movement seen in some people suffering from depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tryptophan

A

A precursor if serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Three major categories of antidepressant drugs

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This term involves behaviors that are meant to cause immediate bodily harm but are not intended to cause death

A

Non-suicidal self-injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clinical depression

A

Diagnosis of this disorder requires three depressive symptoms to be present for at least 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)

A

An adaptation of CT which focuses on relapse prevention after successful treatment for recurrent episodes of major depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Seasonal pattern or Rapid cycling

A

A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by episodes happening regularly at a particular time of the year with at least for episodes within the past year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Part of the brain present during mania but not during depression

A

Striatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (for Depression)

A

Entails deliberately inducing a momentary seizure and unconsciousness by passing a 70- to 130-volt current through the patient’s brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A less extreme form of mania

A

Hypomania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

A

Symptoms of this disorder includes: sad mood or lost of pleasure in usual activities. At least five symptoms: sleeping too much or too little, psychomotor retardation or agitation, weight loss or change in appetite, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty in concentrating, thinking, or making decisions, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Depressive disorders
Disorders which involve cardinal symptoms of depression including profound sadness and/or an inability to experience pleasure
26
Depression happening during the winter season
Seasonal affective disorder
27
A disorder that include an experience of at least one major depressive episode and at least one episode of hypomania
Bipolar II Disorder
28
An adaptation of CT which focuses on relapse prevention after successful treatment for recurrent episodes of major depression
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
29
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having lack of pleasure in any activity, inability to gain relief from positive events, and at least three other symptoms of depression, such as a distinct quality of mood, depressive symptoms that are worse in the morning than at other times of day, waking at least 2 hours too early, loss of appetite, psychomotor retardation or agitation or guilt
Melancholic features
30
A Cognitive theory of depression that states that the most important trigger of depression is hopelessness, which is defined as an expectation that (1) desirable outcomes will not occur and that (2) the person has no responses available to change this situation.
Hopelessness Theory
31
Striatum
Part of the brain present during mania but not during depression
32
Cognitive theory of depression that is associated with a negative triad: negative views of the self, the world, and the future
Beck’s Theory
33
Catatonic features
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having extreme physical immobility or excessive peculiar physical movement
34
Suicide risk severity
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having suicidal ideation, plans, or other risk indicators present
35
Suicide attempts
This term involve behaviors that are intended to cause death but do not result in death
36
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by episodes happening regularly at a particular time of the year with at least for episodes within the past year
Seasonal pattern or Rapid cycling
37
Atypical features
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having symptoms that are unusual for depressive or manic episodes present
38
A type of brain-imaging study which focuses on whether the is a change in activity of a brain region
Functional activation studies
39
The first model suggests that mania reflects a disturbance in the reward system of the brain
Reward Sensitivity
40
Attribution
The explanations a person forms about why a stressor has occurred
41
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by delusions or hallucinations with themes that do not march the valence if the depressive or manic episode
Moon-incongruent psychotic features
42
Hopelessness Theory
A Cognitive theory of depression that states that the most important trigger of depression is hopelessness, which is defined as an expectation that (1) desirable outcomes will not occur and that (2) the person has no responses available to change this situation.
43
Therapy aimed at relationship problems, including marital and family distress
Behavioral Couples Therapy (s called in the book but Family Focused Therapy also included)
44
A Cognitive theory of depression that states that a specific way of thinking called rumination may increase the risk of depression
Rumination Theory
45
Hypomania
A less extreme form of mania
46
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by delusions or hallucinations with themes that are consistent with mood state (guilt, disease, or death themes accompanying depression)
Mood-congruent psychotic features
47
Cyclothymic Disorder
A disorder that includes the presence of frequent but mild symptoms if depression altering with mild symptoms of mania which must be present for at least 2 years among adults
48
Mania
A state if intense elation or irritability accompanied by other symptoms shown in the diagnostic criteria
49
A disorder that includes the presence of frequent but mild symptoms if depression altering with mild symptoms of mania which must be present for at least 2 years among adults
Cyclothymic Disorder
50
Diagnosis of this disorder requires three depressive symptoms to be present for at least 10 days
Clinical depression
51
Lithium
A naturally occurring chemical element which is also the first mood stabilizer identified
52
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Three major categories of antidepressant drugs
53
Disorders which involves disabling disturbances in emotion
Mood disorders
54
This term refers to thoughts of killing oneself and is much more common than attempted or completed suicide
Suicidal ideation
55
Seasonal affective disorder
Depression happening during the winter season
56
Mood-congruent psychotic features
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by delusions or hallucinations with themes that are consistent with mood state (guilt, disease, or death themes accompanying depression)
57
Behavioral Activation (BA) Therapy
Treatment based on the idea that many of the risk factors for depression can result in low levels of positive reinforcement
58
Behavioral Couples Therapy (s called in the book but Family Focused Therapy also included)
Therapy aimed at relationship problems, including marital and family distress
59
Disorder that tends to be present for a period if time and then clear
Episodic disorder
60
Four primary brain structures that have been most studies in depression
The amygdala, the subgenual anterior cingulate, the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
61
Melancholic features
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having lack of pleasure in any activity, inability to gain relief from positive events, and at least three other symptoms of depression, such as a distinct quality of mood, depressive symptoms that are worse in the morning than at other times of day, waking at least 2 hours too early, loss of appetite, psychomotor retardation or agitation or guilt
62
Disorders which involve cardinal symptoms of depression including profound sadness and/or an inability to experience pleasure
Depressive disorders
63
Cognitive Biases
Tendencies to process information in certain negative ways
64
Suicidal ideation
This term refers to thoughts of killing oneself and is much more common than attempted or completed suicide
65
The explanations a person forms about why a stressor has occurred
Attribution
66
A state if intense elation or irritability accompanied by other symptoms shown in the diagnostic criteria
Mania
67
Amygdala
Part of the brain that helps a person asses how emotionally important a stimulus is
68
Cushing’s syndrome
A syndrome which causes oversecretion of cortisol, frequently experience depressive symptoms
69
The core of the therapy is to examine major interpersonal problems, such as role transitions, interpersonal conflicts, bereavement, and interpersonal isolation
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
70
Rumination
Is defined as a tendency to repetitively dwell on sad experiences and thoughts, or to chew on material again and again
71
A disorder that include a single episode of mania during the course of a person's life
Bipolar I Disorder
72
Non-suicidal self-injury
This term involves behaviors that are meant to cause immediate bodily harm but are not intended to cause death
73
Tendencies to process information in certain negative ways
Cognitive Biases
74
Functional activation studies
A type of brain-imaging study which focuses on whether the is a change in activity of a brain region
75
Suicide
This term involves behaviors that are intended to cause death and actually do so
76
Neuroticism
A personality trait that involves the tendency to react to events with greater-than-average negative affect
77
Reward
Dopamine plays a major role in the sensitivity if the ______ system in the brain, which is believed to guide pleasure, motivation and energy in the context if opportunities to obtain rewards.
78
Treatment based on the idea that many of the risk factors for depression can result in low levels of positive reinforcement
Behavioral Activation (BA) Therapy
79
Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS)
Beck’s self-report scale which includes items concerning whether people would consider themselves worthwhile or lovable.
80
Mood disorders
Disorders which involves disabling disturbances in emotion
81
Therapy aimed at altering maladaptive thought patterns
Cognitive Therapy
82
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having suicidal ideation, plans, or other risk indicators present
Suicide risk severity
83
A naturally occurring chemical element which is also the first mood stabilizer identified
Lithium
84
Entails deliberately inducing a momentary seizure and unconsciousness by passing a 70- to 130-volt current through the patient’s brain
Electroconvulsive Therapy (for Depression)
85
This term involve behaviors that are intended to cause death but do not result in death
Suicide attempts
86
Major depressive disorder
Diagnosis of this disorder requires five depressive symptoms to be present for at least 2 weeks
87
Beck’s Theory
Cognitive theory of depression that is associated with a negative triad: negative views of the self, the world, and the future
88
Rumination Theory
A Cognitive theory of depression that states that a specific way of thinking called rumination may increase the risk of depression
89
A treatment approach that help people learn about the symptoms of the disorder, the expected time course of symptoms, the biological and psychological triggers for symptoms, and treatment strategies
Psychoeducational approach
90
Dopamine plays a major role in the sensitivity if the ______ system in the brain, which is believed to guide pleasure, motivation and energy in the context if opportunities to obtain rewards.
Reward
91
Structural studies
A type of brain-imaging study which focuses on whether a brain region is smaller or larger among people with a disorder compared to control participants
92
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having symptoms that are unusual for depressive or manic episodes present
Atypical features
93
Inability to sit still (pacing, fidgeting) for people suffering from depression
Psychomotor agitation
94
Mixed features
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having at least three manic symptoms present during a depressive episode, or at least three depressive symptoms present during a manic episode
95
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
The core of the therapy is to examine major interpersonal problems, such as role transitions, interpersonal conflicts, bereavement, and interpersonal isolation
96
Moon-incongruent psychotic features
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by delusions or hallucinations with themes that do not march the valence if the depressive or manic episode
97
A subtype of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder that is defined by having extreme physical immobility or excessive peculiar physical movement
Catatonic features
98
A type of brain-imaging study which focuses on whether a brain region is smaller or larger among people with a disorder compared to control participants
Structural studies
99
Reward Sensitivity
The first model suggests that mania reflects a disturbance in the reward system of the brain
100
Part of the brain that helps a person asses how emotionally important a stimulus is
Amygdala
101
Cognitive Therapy
Therapy aimed at altering maladaptive thought patterns
102
This term involves behaviors that are intended to cause death and actually do so
Suicide
103
Psychoeducational approach
A treatment approach that help people learn about the symptoms of the disorder, the expected time course of symptoms, the biological and psychological triggers for symptoms, and treatment strategies
104
A syndrome which causes oversecretion of cortisol, frequently experience depressive symptoms
Cushing’s syndrome
105
Is defined as a tendency to repetitively dwell on sad experiences and thoughts, or to chew on material again and again
Rumination
106
Symptoms of this disorder includes: sad mood or lost of pleasure in usual activities. At least five symptoms: sleeping too much or too little, psychomotor retardation or agitation, weight loss or change in appetite, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty in concentrating, thinking, or making decisions, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
Major depressive disorder (MDD)
107
This term is defined as a family member’s critical or hostile comments toward or emotional overinvolvement with the person with depression
Expressed Emotion (EE)
108
A precursor if serotonin
Tryptophan

Abnormal and therapeutic (EXAM PREP) (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions