Mastery Quiz - Whole semester

Question 1

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts: Select one: a. the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. b. the somatic nervous system and the involuntary nervous system. c. the involuntary nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system. d. the sympathetic nervous system and the somatic nervous system.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Diagnostic systems allow clinicians and scientists to: Select one: a. conduct psychotherapy. b. communicate accurately with one another about cases and research. c. understand the role of cultural bias. d. all of the above.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Nina has illness anxiety disorder. She notices a red splotch on her face that seems to be getting larger each day. Nina will most likely believe that this symptom Select one: a. is due to a psychological problem. b. is an insect bite. c. will go away once she visits a doctor. d. is due to a serious underlying disease.

Answer 3

d

Question 4

Fred has schizophrenia and is taking a medication that works by blocking dopamine receptors. Fred is most likely taking which kind of drug? Select one: a. an antidepressant b. a second messenger c. an agonist d. an antagonist

Answer 4

D

Question 5

Long-term marijuana use may result in __________, even long after one stops using. Select one: a. decreased attention span b. visual processing difficulties c. short-term memory impairment d. increased agitation

Answer 5

c

Question 6

Fiona faints when her doctor begins to draw blood. What is the unconditioned response? Select one: a. fainting b. the needle c. blood d. blood flow

Answer 6

A

Question 7

__________ disorders are characterized by more inward-focused experiences and behaviors. Select one: a. Individualistic b. Intrinsic c. Internalizing d. Intimate

Answer 7

c

Question 8

Pain and somatic symptoms can be increased by Select one: a. anxiety. b. depression. c. hormones. d. all of these factors can increase somatic symptoms.

Answer 8

d

Question 9

Edna does not currently have panic disorder. However, she cannot leave her house and had required home sessions when she began therapy. It is likely that Select one: a. Edna has agoraphobia, but does not meet criteria for panic disorder. b. Edna does not have agoraphobia. c. Edna has more severe panic but is able to cope with the symptoms. d. Edna is faking her symptoms.

Answer 9

a

Question 10

In a study of the role of self-blame and erectile dysfunction, men who were given an internal explanation for their low arousal after watching erotic films Select one: a. reported and showed more physiological arousal. b. reported more, but showed less physiological arousal. c. believed they had an erectile dysfunction. d. reported and showed less physiological arousal.

Answer 10

d

Question 11

Shannon, a junior in high school, was recently suspended from school for stealing money from ninth-graders, writing graffiti on the bathroom walls, and beating up another student. Shannon’s teacher reports that she has very few friends. The most likely diagnosis for Shannon would be Select one: a. conduct disorder. b. oppositional defiant disorder. c. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. d. antisocial personality disorder.

Answer 11

a

Question 12

In sex therapy, the sensate focus exercise involves Select one: a. caressing without engaging in intercourse. b. having sexual intercourse without taking on the spectator role. c. engaging in intercourse as often as possible to sensitize each other’s bodies. d. nonsexual touching.

Answer 12

a

Question 13

Which of the following is not considered a common symptom of depression? Select one: a. Psychomotor retardation or agitation b. Sleeping too much or too little c. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt d. All of the above are common symptoms of depression

Answer 13

d

Question 14

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder lacks the __________ associated with OCD.

Select one:

a. obsessions and compulsive behavior
b. relevance
c. severity
d. personality

Answer 14

a

Question 15

Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that Select one: a. adjust the speed of neural transmissions. b. repair neurons. c. allow nerve impulses to reach the next neuron. d. let neurons adjust their sensitivity to new inputs.

Answer 15

C

Question 16

Compared with young people, people over the age of 60 tend to Select one: a. experience more physiological reactivity in response to emotionally charged topics. b. experience less negative emotion. c. report more somatic symptoms. d. experience more negative emotion.

Answer 16

b

Question 17

Bulimia nervosa typically begins in: Select one: a. early or middle adolescence b. late adolescence or early adulthood c. childhood d. late adulthood

Answer 17

b

Question 18

According to DSM-5 symptoms of schizophrenia must be present for at least __________ in order to be diagnosed. Select one: a. 1 month b. 6 months c. 1 year d. 2 years

Answer 18

b

Question 19

Acute stress disorder differs from PTSD in that the symptoms Select one: a. are more severe. b. last longer. c. last only a short period of time. d. are hard to define.

Answer 19

c

Question 20

More than __________ of people with one anxiety disorder meet the criteria for another anxiety disorder at some point in their lifetime. Select one: a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 100%

Answer 20

b

Question 21

Rapists who enter therapy for their behavior do best when Select one: a. they begin dating again. b. the groups are highly confrontational. c. they receive support from their family. d. they complete the therapy program

Answer 21

d

Question 22

When discussing heritability it is important to keep in mind all of the following EXCEPT: Select one: a. heritability estimates range from 0.0 to 1.0. b. heritability is relevant for large populations. c. heritability is relevant for a particular individual. d. the higher the heritability value, the greater the heritability.

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Research on subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder indicates that those with both attentional and hyperactive problems Select one: a. usually learn better than children with only attentional problems. b. have equivalent outcomes to those with only attentional problems. c. are more likely to be placed in special education classes than children with only attentional problems. d. are more likely to have a behavioral, rather than a neurological, basis for their problems.

Answer 23

c

Question 24

In a study where participants are assigned to one of two treatment groups (medication versus cognitive therapy), the type of treatment received is the Select one: a. independent variable. b. dependent variable. c. third variable. d. classificatory variable.

Answer 24

A

Question 25

The diathesis-stress paradigm emphasizes that psychopathology results from Select one: a. physiology and biochemistry. b. predisposition and the unconscious. c. attachment and gestalt problems. d. predisposition and environmental disturbances.

Answer 25

D

Question 26

When Marcia heard that her favorite cat had been hit by a car and killed, she giggled quietly. This is an example of Select one: a. flat blunted affect. b. inappropriate affect. c. anhedonia. d. incoherence.

Answer 26

b

Question 27

Which of the following age ranges fits the label “old-old”? Select one: a. 65-74 b. 75-84 c. 85-94 d. 95+

Answer 27

b

Question 28

The best definition of “mental disorder” takes all of the following into account EXCEPT: Select one: a. Disability b. Violation of social norms c. Syndromes d. Personal distress

Answer 28

C

Question 29

Sensory experiences in the absence of any relevant stimulation from the environment are called Select one: a. flights of thought. b. delusions. c. ideas of reference. d. hallucinations

Answer 29

d

Question 30

Stress following surgery is a common precipitant for the onset of Select one: a. Parkinson’s disease. b. Alzheimer’s disease. c. hydrocephalus. d. delirium.

Answer 30

d

Question 31

As compared to anorexia nervosa, the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is associated with Select one: a. higher mortality rates b. lower mortality rates c. equal mortality rates d. none of the above; data on mortality caused by eating disorders does not exist

Answer 31

b

Question 32

Although it has been shown that alcohol does not have a consistent effect upon stress, people continue to drink as a means to alleviate stress because Select one: a. drinking is more socially acceptable than consuming other drugs. b. they are unaware of the severity of life stress they are experiencing. c. they expect it to help. d. others suggest drinking to unwind.

Answer 32

c

Question 33

In recent molecular genetic studies, genes associated with the neurotransmitter __________ have been linked to ADHD. Select one: a. dopamine b. GABA c. norepinephrine d. serotonin

Answer 33

a

Question 34

As compared to developmentally normal levels of hyperactivity, diagnosable hyperactivity Select one: a. impairs the child’s functioning. b. negatively affects the child’s ability to mature appropriately. c. is treatable only with medication. d. all of the above.

Answer 34

a

Question 35

The course of dementia may be all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. progressive. b. static. c. remitting. d. all of the above.

Answer 35

d

Question 36

Female orgasmic disorder is defined as Select one: a. lack of orgasm despite normal sexual excitement and stimulation. b. lack of orgasm without direct clitoral stimulation. c. orgasm during masturbation only, if at all. d. lack of orgasm and no desire.

Answer 36

a

Question 37

Which of the following is a structured interview? Select one: a. ADE b. Rorschach c. SCID d. SRRS

Answer 37

C

Question 38

The prognosis for dissociative amnesia usually involves a __________ remission with __________ recovery. Select one: a. gradual; complete b. sudden; partial c. sudden; complete d. gradual; partial

Answer 38

c

Question 39

Dissociative identity disorder must involve Select one: a. depersonalisation b. selective amnesia c. at least 2 distinct personalities. d. at least 3 distinct personalities.

Answer 39

c

Question 40

Which of the following statements is an example of a time-of-measurement effect? Select one: a. In a longitudinal study, many of the elderly subjects died before the follow-up data was collected. b. Because of the effects of aging on the brain, older adults do worse than younger adults on measures of “fluid” intelligence. c. Today’s older adults are less likely to seek mental health services because when they were growing up, mental illness was stigmatized. d. Because exercise has become widely promoted in the media, many older adults are now exercising and thus are healthier than predicted by earlier measures of their physical well-being.

Answer 40

d

Question 41

Julie experienced inexplicable blindness. She visited several ophthalmologists, all of whom indicated there was no physical basis for her blindness. She most likely has Select one: a. Illness Anxiety Disorder b. Dissociative Disorder. c. Conversion Disorder. d. Somatic Symptom Disorder.

Answer 41

c

Question 42

Compared to normal personality styles, personality disorders are more

Select one:

a. inborn and physiological.
b. bizarre and out of control.
c. dangerous and immoral.
d. pervasive and inflexible.

Answer 42

d

Question 43

If the correlation between two variables is zero, this means that Select one: a. they are perfectly related. b. they are inversely related. c. there is no relationship between them. d. higher scores on one are associated with higher scores on the other.

Answer 43

C

Question 44

Symptoms of schizophrenia have been classified as Select one: a. organized, positive, and negative. b. positive, neutral, and negative. c. positive, negative, and disorganized. d. organized, disorganized, and negative

Answer 44

c

Question 45

Somatic symptom disorders all involve Select one: a. physical symptoms. b. hallucinations. c. disruption of consciousness. d. dysphoric mood.

Answer 45

a

Question 46

Impairment in which of the following areas is the most prominent symptom of dementia? Select one: a. abstract thinking b. memory c. judgment d. language

Answer 46

b

Question 47

A CNV is an abnormal copy of one or more sections of DNA. They occur due to all of the following EXCEPT: Select one: a. addition of copies b. deletion of copies c. multiplication of copies d. mutation of copies

Answer 47

C

Question 48

Although different alters report an inability to share memories, Select one: a. studies suggest that alters can share some implicit memories. b. studies suggest that alters share more explicit memories, but they are just repressed. c. studies indicate that most alters are completely fabricated. d. research suggests that role-playing is the best explanation of DID.

Answer 48

a

Question 49

Non-suicidal self-injury is described in section III of the DSM-5 in order to Select one: a. focus more attention on this issue b. reduce the incidence of this problematic behaviour c. make clear that it is not diagnosable d. distinguish it from serious suicidal intent

Answer 49

a

Question 50

A recent comprehensive randomized controlled clinical trial of medication for schizophrenia compared four second-generation drugs and one first-generation drug against one another. Which of the following was NOT a finding of this study? Select one: a. The second-generation drugs were not more effective than the older, first-generation drugs. b. The second-generation drugs did not produce fewer unpleasant side effects. c. The second-generation drugs were much more effective than the older, first-generation drugs. d. Nearly three-quarters of the people stopped taking the medications before the 18 months of the study design had ended.

Answer 50

c

Question 51

Mowrer’s two-factor model of anxiety disorders involves classical conditioning and Select one: a. imitation. b. operant conditioning. c. observation. d. none of the above

Answer 51

b

Question 52

Nearly all drugs, including alcohol, stimulate Select one: a. sensation-seeking pathways. b. GABA pathways. c. dopamine systems in the brain. d. serotonin systems in the brain.

Answer 52

c

Question 53

Jolynn took a drug that caused the following symptoms: she felt wide-awake and friendly, and had no interest in lunch despite not having eaten since the night before. After taking a second dose of the drug, she became nervous and confused and developed a severe headache. Which of the following drugs did Jolynn probably take? Select one: a. alcohol b. marijuana c. barbiturates d. amphetamines

Answer 53

d

Question 54

When an individual with schizophrenia shows a blunted affect, that individual Select one: a. does not experience emotions. b. does not express emotions. c. does not experience physiological arousal in emotionally intense situations. d. all of the above

Answer 54

b

Question 55

Bryant, as part of his treatment for committing incest, was trained to experience empathy for his victims. He was likely receiving Select one: a. behavioral therapy. b. cognitive therapy. c. family therapy. d. object-relations psychodynamic therapy.

Answer 55

b

Question 56

Ted is a “workaholic;” he works 15 hours a day and never has time to spend with his family or on things he enjoys. Which of the following is a cognitive explanation of Ted’s behavior? Select one: a. Ted is imitating the behavior of his hard-working father. b. Ted believes he can only be a good person if he excels in everything he does. c. Ted lacks the assertiveness to stand up to his boss’ demands. d. Ted is actually afraid of getting close to others.

Answer 56

B

Question 57

People who compulsively check their appearance and spend countless hours staring at themselves in the mirror will likely be diagnosed as having Select one: a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. body dysmorphic disorder c. generalized anxiety disorder d. specific phobia

Answer 57

b

Question 58

To be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, a person Select one: a. must be currently experiencing manic symptoms. b. must have experienced hypomanic symptoms as well as depressive symptoms at some point in their lifetime. c. must have had at least one episode of mania at some point in their lifetime. d. must have experienced at least one depressive episode.

Answer 58

c

Question 59

Howard had a psychotic episode following the death of his wife. He had hallucinations in which he would hear her speaking to him, telling him to kill himself. Howard developed elaborate delusions about his ability to communicate with his wife’s spirit. Howard recovered from this episode after one week. What DSM-5 diagnosis would fit Howard’s case? Select one: a. schizophrenia b. brief psychotic disorder c. schizophreniform disorder d. schizoaffective disorder

Answer 59

b

Question 60

Which of the following puts people at greater risk for developing anxiety disorders? Select one: a. having a comorbid diagnosis of schizophrenia. b. having low levels of neuroticism. c. having low levels of activity in the fear circuit. d. having a perception that they have no control over their environment.

Answer 60

d

Question 61

Which of the following factors has NOT been proposed as an explanation for the gender difference in depression? Select one: a. Girls are more likely to be exposed to sexual abuse than boys. b. Women tend to be more creative than men. c. Women are more likely to be exposed to chronic stressors in adulthood. d. Social roles promote emotion-focused coping among women.

Answer 61

b

Question 62

There were ___ axes in the DSM-IV-TR while ___ are used in the DSM-5 Select one: a. 5, 3 b. 5, 2 c. 5, 0 d. 3, 2

Answer 62

C

Question 63

The study of the pups born to high LG-ABN mothers or low LG-ABN mothers and raised by high LG-ABN mothers or low LG-ABN mothers provided support for the idea that Select one: a. adoption studies are a useful method for understanding genetic markers. b. environments influence the expression of genes in psychopathology. c. LG-ABN behaviours in mothers are not related to the expression of certain genes in pups. d. environments do not play as important a role as genetics.

Answer 63

B

Question 64

Sam is a 16-year-old adolescent who feels that he is unable to be an adult, despite the fact that he’s nearly 6 feet, 3 inches tall and has grown a beard. Although he led a “normal” childhood, when he was about 11, he began to get into frequent fights at school and has had trouble with the law ten times. According to Moffitt, Sam would be categorized as having Select one: a. explosive personality disorder. b. antisocial development disorder. c. life-course persistent conduct problems. d. adolescence-limited conduct problems.

Answer 64

d

Question 65

A phenotype is illustrated by which of the following? Select one: a. Lisa’s mother’s hair colour b. Lisa’s chromosomes. c. Lisa’s eye colour. d. Lisa’s DNA structure.

Answer 65

C

Question 66

Epidemiology is the study of Select one: a. the development of disorders over the life span. b. mental disorders in other cultures. c. unique cases or unusual disorders. d. the rates and correlates of disorders in a population.

Answer 66

D

Question 67

Unusual and eccentric thoughts and behavior (psychoticism), interpersonal detachment, and suspiciousness are characteristics of the DSM-5 __________ personality disorder.

Select one:

a. schizotypal
b. borderline
c. avoidant
d. narcissistic

Answer 67

a

Question 68

Cirrhosis of the liver due to alcohol abuse is characterized by Select one: a. liver cells becoming engorged with fat and protein. b. an increased efficiency of alcohol absorption with a corresponding decrease in blood cell reproduction. c. a decreased efficiency in absorption due to liver atrophy. d. None of the above.

Answer 68

a

Question 69

Dr. Bradley has been conducting a case study of Brenda P., a woman with dissociative identity disorder. Which of the following statements by Dr. Bradley is a misuse of the case study method? Select one: a. “Brenda, a woman with dissociative identity disorder, was sexually abused as a child. Therefore, all individuals with multiple personality disorder must have been abuse victims.” b. “Since Brenda was not sexually abused, the theory that all dissociation is caused by sexual abuse may not be universally true.” c. “Brenda was sexually molested as a child. This leads me to hypothesize that perhaps other individuals with dissociative identity disorder were molested as children.” d. All of the above are examples of inappropriate uses of the case study.

Answer 69

A

Question 70

Dana’s baby, Sophie, participated in a study that indicated that Sophie had high levels of behavioral inhibition. Compared with babies who demonstrated low levels of behavioral inhibition, Sophie is likely to develop Select one: a. OCD. b. social anxiety disorder c. panic disorder. d. agoraphobia.

Answer 70

b

Question 71

The basic energy source for the psyche is the Select one: a. ego. b. superego. c. Oedipus complex. d. id.

Answer 71

D

Question 72

Genetic influences on eating disorders are Select one: a. not important for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa b. a substantial factor c. a minor factor d. not important for obesity

Answer 72

b

Question 73

Which of the following are generated by theories? Select one: a. case material b. hypotheses c. statistical significance d. none of the above

Answer 73

B

Question 74

Persistent or recurrent pain during sexual intercourse is called __________ in DSM-5. Select one: a. sexual intercourse pain disorder b. genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder c. sexual id pain disorder d. genital pain disorder

Answer 74

b

Question 75

Extreme response to a severe stressor that includes increased anxiety, avoidance of stimuli associate with an event, and symptoms of increase arousal are symptoms of which disorder? Select one: a. OCD b. PTSD c. BDD d. MDD

Answer 75

b

Question 76

Psychoactive drugs can be dangerous when used with the elderly because Select one: a. they are not tested on the elderly, only on young people. b. side effects are more common. c. toxicity is more of a problem. d. all of the above.

Answer 76

d

Question 77

Nick was born with a predisposition for aggression and impulsivity that has resulted in frequent trouble with the law. As a result of time spent in jail, Nick has developed alcohol dependence. This is an example of Select one: a. epigenetics. b. reciprocal gene-environment interaction. c. linkage analysis. d. gene-environment interaction.

Answer 77

B

Question 78

Directionality is best addressed by Select one: a. using a case study. b. using a control group. c. using a correlational design. d. using a longitudinal design.

Answer 78

D

Question 79

Which age group has the highest number of new HIV cases being diagnosed each year? Select one: a. 15-19 b. 20-24 c. 25-29 d. 30-34

Answer 79

b

Question 80

Individuals with anxiety disorders Select one: a. have an underactive amygdala. b. have fear circuits that do not activate correctly when they are fearful or anxious c. have weak fear circuits. d. have an overactive fear circuit.

Answer 80

d

Question 81

The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for avoidant personality disorder include all of the following EXCEPT:

Select one:

a. inhibition in establishing social relationships
b. positive sense of oneself
c. preoccupation with criticism or rejection
d. fear of disapproval

Answer 81

b

Question 82

The thalamus is the part of the brain which Select one: a. recognizes spatial relations. b. regulates body temperature and blood pressure. c. controls movement. d. relays sensory pathways for hearing and vision.

Answer 82

D

Question 83

A strictly behavioural therapist treating Steve for contamination fear due to OCD would use which of the following interventions? Select one: a. have Steve meditate daily. b. have Steve challenge the idea that it is necessary to be clean. c. have Steve purposely get dirty. d. have Steve say ‘stop’ to himself quietly when he feels he must wash.

Answer 83

c

Question 84

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder involves Select one: a. Children. b. Adolescents. c. Adults. d. Children and adolescents.

Answer 84

d

Question 85

In the DSM-IV-TR, ____________ was viewed as a condition requiring further study, but in the DSM-V it has its own diagnostic category. Select one: a. obsessive eating disorder b. pica c. rumination disorder d. binge eating disorder

Answer 85

d

Question 86

Flight of ideas refers to Select one: a. delusional thinking. b. suicidal thinking. c. the thinking of a person with dementia. d. rapid shifts in topics while speaking.

Answer 86

d

Question 87

Carla has a difficult time maintaining friendships. She is generally suspicious of the motives of other people, often misinterpreting the behavior of her friends. Based on this information, the most likely personality disorder diagnosis for Carla would be

Select one:

a. histrionic personality disorder
b. dependent personality disorder
c. avoidant personality disorder
d. paranoid personality disorder

Answer 87

d

Question 88

The gray matter in the brain is made up of Select one: a. meninges. b. sulci. c. fissures. d. neurons.

Answer 88

D

Question 89

Treatment for heroin addiction often involves Select one: a. immediate abstinence. b. ibuprofen. c. antidepressants. d. methadone.

Answer 89

d

Question 90

One would expect items on a depression assessment measure to have Select one: a. interrater reliability. b. alternate-form reliability. c. internal consistency reliability. d. external reliability.

Answer 90

C

Question 91

Mark is experiencing the following symptoms after taking a drug: he feels an initial rush of ecstasy, has great self-confidence and has lost all his worries and fears. At the same time, he is feeling drowsy and relaxed. Which of the following drugs is Mark most likely to have taken? Select one: a. cocaine b. heroin c. marijuana d. alcohol

Answer 91

b

Question 92

The most challenging client for a therapist is one diagnosed with __________ personality disorder.

Select one:

a. borderline
b. avoidant
c. obsessive-compulsive
d. schizotypal

Answer 92

a

Question 93

The principal form of psychological treatment for anorexia nervosa is Select one: a. family therapy b. providing a safe inpatient environment c. social skills training d. reinforcing appropriate eating behaviors

Answer 93

a

Question 94

Abnormal behavior in children Select one: a. is developmentally determined; that is, normal behavior at one age is abnormal at another. b. is based upon destructiveness at any given age. c. can be reliably determined across age groups. d. is typically associated with a lack of control.

Answer 94

a

Question 95

Jane is afraid of elevators. Her psychologist, Dr. Schwartz, teaches her how to relax deeply. Then Dr. Schwartz helps her develop a list of situations with elevators that vary in how frightening or anxiety- producing they are. Finally, while relaxed, Jane imagines the series of situations with elevators. Eventually Jane is able to tolerate imagining increasingly more difficult situations in elevators such as riding an elevator 100 floors alone. By the end of the 16th therapy session, Jane states that her fear of elevators has disappeared. Dr. Schwartz used Select one: a. brief psychodynamic therapy. b. token economy. c. systematic desensitization. d. ego analysis.

Answer 95

C

Question 96

The ego operates according to the __________ principle. Select one: a. Electra b. reality c. pleasure d. Oedipal

Answer 96

B

Question 97

Which of the following is NOT a phase in the sexual response cycle? Select one: a. desire b. excitement c. anticlimax d. resolution

Answer 97

c

Question 98

Adler developed a theory of psychoanalytic thought oriented towards Select one: a. psychoticism. b. doing things for the social good. c. overt behavior change. d. all of the above.

Answer 98

B

Question 99

While many difficulties might get a person thinking about suicide, __________ seems to predict the switch from suicidal thoughts to suicidal actions. Select one: a. impulsivity. b. mania. c. drug use. d. helplessness.

Answer 99

a

Question 100

Which of the following have been used in treatment for smoking cessation? Select one: a. acetaminophen b. stimulants c. anxiolytics d. antidepressants

Answer 100

d

Question 101

Based on research of effective treatments for social anxiety disorder, a therapist should consider Select one: a. exposure only. b. cognitive therapy only. c. exposure and cognitive therapy. d. systematic desensitization.

Answer 101

c

Question 102

People with anorexia nervosa are also frequently diagnosed with Select one: a. depression b. anxiety c. substance abuse d. all of the above.

Answer 102

d

Question 103

Mr. Cook grew up in severely impoverished circumstances. His mother was unmarried and homeless, and Mr. Cook and his six siblings lived on the streets or in shelters for most of their childhood. They had little formal education or opportunity to make progress in the world. After 17 years of this life, Mr. Cook had his first psychotic episode while digging through a trashcan looking for food for his mother; he heard voices telling him to take off his clothes and eat them. Shortly thereafter, Mr. Cook was picked up by police, taken to a psychiatric hospital, and diagnosed as schizophrenic. Mr. Cook’s story fits the __________ theory of social class and schizophrenia. Select one: a. social-selection b. high-risk c. sociogenic d. schizophrenogenic

Answer 103

c

Question 104

The psychoanalytic theory rests upon the assumption that psychopathology is the result of Select one: a. incomplete superego development. b. ego defense mechanisms. c. unconscious conflicts. d. over control of the pleasure principle.

Answer 104

C

Question 105

As the hippies of the 1960s reach old age, research may find increased drug abuse among older adults. This increase would be a(n) Select one: a. time-of-measurement effect. b. longitudinal effect. c. cohort effect. d. age effect.

Answer 105

c

Question 106

Among those with schizophrenia who suffer from delusions, a large majority experience Select one: a. delusions of persecution. b. thought broadcast. c. delusions of impulses imposed by others. d. hallucinations with the delusions

Answer 106

a

Question 107

You decide that you wish to use the MMPI to form a scale within the instrument to distinguish potential professional wrestlers from those without the potential to be wrestlers. Using the same method as that used to develop the MMPI, you would Select one: a. identify items that were about wrestling. b. look for consistency among items endorsed by wrestlers as true. c. find all the items that wrestlers answered as true regarding themselves. d. identify items that distinguish pro wrestlers from non-wrestlers.

Answer 107

D

Question 108

Pleasure, motivation, and energy decrease in depression and increase in mania. This suggests neurological changes in the Select one: a. amygdala. b. second messengers. c. HPA axis. d. reward system.

Answer 108

d

Question 109

Eating disorders are more common in women who are Select one: a. less educated b. white c. single d. urban

Answer 109

b

Question 110

Which research method would be most useful in generating hypotheses about the cause of a newly discovered, rare form of abnormality? Select one: a. single-subject ABAB design b. experimental design c. correlational method d. case study

Answer 110

D

Question 111

Personality disorders are defined as

Select one:

a. any psychological disorder having an onset before age 12 and recurring at least three times during adult life.
b. maladaptive behaviors that consistently violate the rights of others.
c. a chronic pattern of extreme instability in relationships, mood, and self-image.
d. long-standing, pervasive, inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that impair social and occupational functioning.

Answer 111

d

Question 112

Unlike a malingerer, a person with factitious disorder Select one: a. has physical symptoms that are not under voluntary control. b. does not exhibit “la belle indifference.” c. has no clear motivation for adopting the symptoms. d. has primarily psychological, not physical, symptoms.

Answer 112

c

Question 113

Which of the following symptoms is not part of the diagnosis of Hoarding Disorder? Select one: a. Perceived flaw or flaws in the appearance of the home or workplace. b. Difficulty discarding items regardless of their value. c. Compromise in the usefulness of living spaces due to the accumulation of possessions. d. Distress when thinking about discarding useless items.

Answer 113

a

Question 114

Which of the following treatments for seasonal affective disorder is now considered a first-line recommendation in the APA Treatment Guidelines for Depression? Select one: a. Hypnosis b. Regular bright light exposure c. Psychodynamic therapy d. Traveling to a warmer climate during winter months

Answer 114

b

Question 115

Jim was given an intelligence test in March and re-administered the same test one year later. His score both times was the same. This indicates that the intelligence test has Select one: a. high test-retest reliability. b. high interrater agreement. c. internal consistency. d. none of the above.

Answer 115

A

Question 116

Exposure of a nonsmoker to secondhand smoke Select one: a. is less harmful than smoking because of the lower levels of nicotine and tar in secondhand smoke. b. can lead to lung damage. c. has negative effects on the fetuses of pregnant nonsmokers but not on the women themselves. d. has been shown to have far fewer negative effects than the media suggest.

Answer 116

b

Question 117

Which of the following are examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia? Select one: a. flat affect, lack of initiative b. difficulty concentrating, low intelligence, poor memory c. hallucinations and delusions d. catatonic immobility, waxy flexibility

Answer 117

a

Question 118

The worries of people with GAD Select one: a. are generally limited to physiological concerns. b. are similar to worries of most people, just more excessive. c. typically are driven by another Axis-I disorder. d. all of the above.

Answer 118

b

Question 119

Jacqueline has been consistently depressed for the past three years. Based on this information, the best diagnosis for Jacqueline would be Select one: a. Persistent depressive disorder. b. Cyclothymic disorder. c. Bipolar disorder. d. Disruptive mood regulation disorder.

Answer 119

a

Question 120

The DSM-5 description of borderline personality disorder includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Select one:

a. engage in verbal or physical acts of aggression when angry.
b. extremely fragile self-concept.
c. multiple interpersonal relationships.
d. chronic feelings of emptiness.

Answer 120

c

Question 121

Stressful life events Select one: a. are only related to the first episode of depression. b. are important in triggering episodes of depression. c. play little role in the onset of depressive episodes. d. mediate the relationship between genetics and environment.

Answer 121

b

Question 122

Research on the effectiveness of psychological treatment of dissociative identity disorder Select one: a. shows that behavioral-cognitive therapy is moderately effective. b. supports the post-traumatic model of its etiology. c. is limited to observations of a few specialized studies that did not involve control groups. d. has been hampered by the publicity surrounding known cases.

Answer 122

c

Question 123

The standard for suggesting that a result is statistically significant is if the chances are less than __________ in 100 that it occurred by chance. Select one: a. 25 b. 10 c. 5 d. .05

Answer 123

C

Question 124

Multisystemic therapy Select one: a. is a combination of medication and individual therapy. b. is based upon intervention in ecologically valid settings such as home, school or peer group. c. focuses solely on the conduct disordered child. d. is multifaceted in the sense that multiple approaches to family intervention are applied.

Answer 124

b

Question 125

Alzheimer’s disease is the result of Select one: a. low social and intellectual stimulation. b. age-based slowing of all bodily processes. c. side-effects of long-term medication, such as anti-Parkinson’s medication. d. tangled abnormal protein filaments called neurofibrillary tangles.

Answer 125

d

Question 126

The difference between anxiety and fear is that Select one: a. anxiety is a response to immediate danger, while fear is defined as apprehension over an anticipated problem. b. anxiety is immediate and fear is anticipated. c. anxiety is always adaptive, whereas fear is not. d. anxiety is apprehension over an anticipated problem, while fear is defined as a response to immediate danger.

Answer 126

d

Question 127

The ‘Malleus Maleficarum’ was a Select one: A. ceremonial guide used by witches. B. Freudian perspective on mental illness. C. treatment manual used in early mental hospitals. D. witch hunt manual.

Answer 127

D

Question 128

DSM-5 has symptoms for PTSD divided into __________ categories. Select one: a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8

Answer 128

4

Question 129

Which of the following is NOT a measure of psychological stress? Select one: a. Psychiatric Epidemiological Research Interview Life Events Scale b. Thematic Apperception Test c. Life Events and Difficulties Schedule d. List of Threatening Experiences

Answer 129

B

Question 130

Iris was in an automobile accident. She goes to a psychologist one week after the accident. If she is experiencing nightmares, flashbacks, headache, and is ruminating about the accident, she will likely receive which diagnosis? Select one: a. acute stress disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. posttraumatic stress disorder d. anxiety disorder not otherwise specified

Answer 130

a

Question 131

Mildred has been struggling with feelings of chronic depersonalization and derealization for several years. If she has depersonalization/derealizaton disorder, she most likely Select one: a. has experienced some abuse at an earlier age. b. has impaired memory functioning. c. has a well-developed sense of self, just feelings of not being present. d. is not employed.

Answer 131

a

Question 132

To test the impact of therapy on depression, a researcher tells a random half of his subjects (falsely) that they failed an exam. He then conducts one hour of therapy with the “failure” subjects. One week later the subjects given false feedback are no more depressed than the control group, so the researcher concludes the treatment was effective. This would be described as which type of research? Select one: a. an analogue study b. a correlational design c. a longitudinal design d. convenience sampling

Answer 132

A

Question 133

One way in which the DSM-5 differs from the earlier DSM-IV-TR is that the DSM-5 Select one: a. makes OCD and trauma-related disorders part of the anxiety disorders category. b. makes OCD and trauma-related disorders their own catagory. c. eliminates OCD and trauma-related disorders. d. none of the above.

Answer 133

b

Question 134

The highest priority of the DSM-5 is that it Select one: a. bilingual. b. shorter than the DSM-IV-TR. c. is reliable. d. is useful to clinicians.

Answer 134

D

Question 135

Professor Jones has observed a correlation between students sitting in the front of the room and getting better grades in her classes. In order to conduct an “experiment” on this, Professor Jones could Select one: a. collect data on student study habits. b. assign students randomly to seats. c. adjust her data for overall grade point average. d. obtain similar data from other professors and classes.

Answer 135

B

Question 136

__________ refers to a loss of appetite, while __________ indicates that it is due to emotional reasons. Select one: a. anorexia, bulimia b. bulimia, anorexia c. anorexia, nervosa d. nervosa, anorexia

Answer 136

c

Question 137

Cathy stopped eating meals over two months ago. Now she eats very little, and only when under some family pressure. She has lost over 22 pounds, and is now about 15% below normal body weight for her height. She probably has Select one: a. anorexia, binge-eating-purging type b. anorexia, restricting type c. bulimia nervosa d. binge eating disorder

Answer 137

b

Question 138

Oscar feels the urge to turn a light switch on and off 12 times before leaving a room. This would be referred to as Select one: a. an irrational belief. b. generalized anxiety. c. an obsession. d. a compulsion.

Answer 138

d

Question 139

The latest findings regarding the efficacy of medication versus psychotherapy in the treatment of depression conclude that Select one: a. medication is superior to psychotherapy in the long term. b. findings are inconsistent, thus more research is needed in this area. c. psychotherapy works better than medication in the short term. d. none of the above.

Answer 139

b

Question 140

Which of the following is a risk of having too many diagnoses? Select one: a. The risk of fitting into too many diagnostic categories. b. Lack of reliability between diagnostic clinicians. c. Externalization of diagnoses by clients. d. All of these are risks of having too many diagnoses.

Answer 140

D

Question 141

The Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS) has led researchers to conclude that Select one: a. The correlation between life events and stress is low. b. Life events are robust predictors of several psychological and medical symptoms. c. Stress is mediated by one’s childhood experiences. d. A given life event has the same impact across individuals.

Answer 141

B

Question 142

Studies of perfectionism in anorexia nervosa indicate that which of the following statements would be most typical of an anorexic? Select one: a. “I’ve got to show my teacher that I can meet his goal for me of winning the debate championship.” b. “I must complete all my work before I can enjoy a night out.” c. “I can’t possibly be expected to meet the unrealistically high standards that my parents have set for me.” d. “I can’t stand it when my boyfriend lets me down by not buying me flowers on special occasions.”

Answer 142

a

Question 143

Which of the following is NOT a subcategory of the DSM-5’s paraphilias? Select one: a. fetishistic disorder b. sexual arousal disorder c. transvestic disorder d. exhibitionistic disorder

Answer 143

b

Question 144

Depressed children and their parents Select one: a. tend to avoid conflict. b. frequently have over involved relationships. c. have less supportive relationships, but are generally free of conflict. d. have more negative interactions.

Answer 144

d

Question 145

Social anxiety disorder is most similar to which personality disorder?

Select one:

a. dependent
b. antisocial
c. schizoid
d. avoidant

Answer 145

d

Question 146

In-vivo exposure to feared objects simulates Select one: a. real life. b. social anxiety disorder. c. memories of trauma. d. anxiety developed in the womb.

Answer 146

a

Question 147

A concern about the DSM-5 classification system for personality disorders is that

Select one:

a. about half of the people who met criteria for one personality disorder also met the criteria for another personality disorder.
b. some of the disorders are rare in community settings, and even in most clinical settings.
c. many people who seem to have a serious personality problem don’t fit any of the personality disorder diagnoses.
d. all of the above.

Answer 147

d

Question 148

Frotteuristic disorder involves Select one: a. the sexually oriented touching of an unsuspecting person. b. the exposing of oneself to others to achieve sexual stimulation. c. incestuous behavior. d. none of the above.

Answer 148

a

Question 149

Contingency management is a treatment for alcohol dependency that involves Select one: a. providing tokens when the alcoholic abstains from drinking for a certain amount of time. b. teaching people and those close to them to reinforce behaviors inconsistent with drinking. c. going through a 12-step alcohol abstinence program. d. teaching families of alcoholics to express their love only when the alcoholic is not drinking.

Answer 149

b

Question 150

The field of __________ focuses on the disorders of childhood within the context of life-span development. Select one: a. developmental psychopathology b. developmental illness investigation c. adult development d. developmental psychology

Answer 150

a