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Zoological medicine > Wildlife Rehabilitation > Flashcards

Wildlife Rehabilitation Flashcards

1
Q

ecosystem ecology

A

study of biotic and abiotic interactions with naturally and human-induced impacts

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2
Q

biotic

A

living organisms

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3
Q

abiotic

A

non-living organisms

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4
Q

nutrient cycle

A

continual cycle of chemical production consuming products and decomposing products
describes the use, movement, and recycling of nutrients in the environment

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5
Q

micro-climates

A

usually have predictable changes
ex: seasons occur consistently from year to year

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6
Q

el nino

A

warm water

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7
Q

la nina

A

cold water

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8
Q

what causes el nino and la nina?

A

caused by a disruption in the trade wind direction which then affects our jet streams and then the ocean
ex: el nino causes loss of cold nutrient dense waters —> phytoplankton declines which is the main food supply for fish, birds, and marine mammals and those at the top of the food chain

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9
Q

what may be caused by el nino and la nina?

A

famine, flooding, hurricanes, drought, fires
el nino events can become stronger and turn into super el ninos which can mean extreme floods and droughts

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10
Q

community ecology

A

study of individual populations and the interactions of species within natural communities
we can look at the ecosystem as a whole or at smaller habitats or ecosystems

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11
Q

biological characteristics and resource use

A

when species with biological characteristics occur together they can exhibit complementary resource use
they may use different resources or the same resources but at different times which leads to less competition

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12
Q

predator-prey relationship

A

density of prey population affects the birth and death rates of predator population
losing important predators increases the prey population

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13
Q

parasites and predator-prey relationship

A

parasites are like predators and impact their prey

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14
Q

male biased parasitism

A

males tend to be more heavily parasitized which may be because males tend to be larger so they can carry a larger parasite load or because testosterone is immunosuppressive

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15
Q

commensalism

A

relationship where 1 species benefits without affecting the other

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16
Q

mutualism

A

relationship where both species benefit

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17
Q

what are the 2 parts of biodiversity?

A
  1. richness: number of species in a habitat
  2. evenness: abundance of each species in a habitat
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18
Q

Simpson’s diversity index results

A

near 0 = low diversity
near 1 = high diversity

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19
Q

what are the 3 types of population dispersion?

A

uniform, random, clumped

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20
Q

uniform population dispersion

A

ex: penguins
they maintain this by being active territoriality

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21
Q

random population dispersion

A

ex: daisies
based on where the seeds fall

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22
Q

clumped population dispersion

A

ex: elephants
stay in groups

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23
Q

carrying capacity

A

maximum population of a given species that can survive indefinitely in a given environment
this is dependent on food, water, competition, predation, and disease; these are always changing so carrying capacity is always changing

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24
Q

effects of exceeding carrying capacity

A

has a compounding effect
too many animals in a habitat —> over-browse and kill shrubs

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25
K (constant) selected species
long gestation, maturation, and lifespan species that increase rapidly while food/habitat are abundant and slow down as factors like lower birth rate and decreased food availability come into play, as rate of population growth slows the population reaches a stable level
26
R selected species
short gestation, maturation, lifespan population increases rapidly to the point where it exhausts its resources mortality becomes the main regulator and population will collapse to a low level; when resources are replenished the population begins to rise again and the process is repeated
27
ethogram
quantitative description of an animal's normal behavior 1. characterize the range of behaviors you see; build a catalog of behaviors without interpreting the behavior; make notation of habitat, other animals in habitat, time/temp/lighting, info about animal (sex, nutritional state, etc) 2. quantify information and apply it
28
independent variable
what we manipulated causes the change
29
dependent variable
may change due to the independent variable
30
statistical sampling
randomize so we're not manipulating variables techniques: mist netting, transect sampling, point counts mark and recapture so you don't keep sampling the same animal
31
transects for sampling
lines we create that are a certain distance, set rules to ensure random choice
32
point count sampling
every bird seen/heard within a given time to measure density or just counting 1 species
33
what is important to record for setting up live traps for statistical sampling?
record where they are and always release in exactly the same place
34
biodiversity
variety of species within an ecosystem and genetic variability within a species greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms
35
allele effect
genetic diversity is due to a variability of alleles genetic diversity variations that are advantageous can help increase organism survival and even result in a new species if reproductive isolation occurs
36
natural selection
animals better suited to their ecosystem will be able to survive and reproduce
37
endangered species organizations
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (red list): world's 1st global environmental organization Convention on International. Trade in Endangered Species (CITIES): became established to protect exotics from extinction from exploitation TRAFFIC: underground organization (WWF and IUCN)
38
keystone species
species that play a unique and crucial role in an ecosystem by linking many other species together
39
foundation species
maintains the habitat that supports other species ex: mangrove swamps, coral reefs
40
indicator species
let us know how a habitat is doing ex: amphians
41
how are health assessments performed on wildlife?
capture cameras are a new form of sampling technique for abnormal hair coats, limping, and lumps herd health: hunters/hikers report abnormalities or collect samples
42
priority diseases in wildlife
chronic wasting and bovine TB, bighorn sheep pneumonia
43
multi-species diseases
rabies, canine distemper, anthrax mass vaccination campaigns of pet dogs are critical to reduction
44
WDA
Wildlife Disease Association
45
AWVT
Association of Wildlife Veterinary Technicians
46
USFW
US Fish and Wildlife Service
47
IDNR
Illinois Department of Natural Resources
48
IDPH
Illinois Department of Public Health
49
USDA
US Department of Agriculture
50
wildlife rehab
treatment and temporary care of injured, diseased, and displaced indigenous wildlife and the subsequent return of healthy animals to appropriate habitats in the wild
51
IWRC
International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council
52
handling of wildlife in rehab
be quiet and keep covered during handling as they will be very stressed
53
disease in rehab
wild animals may not have immunity so if a domestic animal transmits disease to a wild animal and that animal is released it could impact an entire ecosystem
54
familiarity in rehab
can't release a tamed animal without reversing it animal is tamed when brought in rehab and then before releasing we make minimal contact with it to reverse taming
55
imprinting in rehab animals
imprinted animals can't be released since imprinting can't be reversed usually we try to give them a puppet, mirror, or feather duster to avoid imprinting with a human
56
records in rehab
records are crucial record: phone number of rescuer, circumstances animal found in, treatments given, anyone bitten/scratched or come into contact with body fluids?, are there any bonded animals?
57
triaging a wildlife animal
1. euthanasia candidate? 2. stabilize animal 3. diagnostics 4. treatment 5. release
58
euthanasia exam
more than 1/2 of animals die or are euthanized upon arriving at a rehab criteria: broken back, loss of 2+ limbs, blindness, untreatable disease
59
stabilizing an animal upon arrival at rehab
keep in dark, warm cage (80-90 F) meet energy requirements by giving dextrose or emeraid (emergency energy products) if needed administer Dexamethasone SP and fluids
60
determining a true orphan
if the animal is warm, strong, and apparently healthy it is most likely not an orphan and should be left alone or returned to nest a true orphan will be cold, weak, and may have a dead sibling nearby
61
immature age
~ 2 months
62
juvenile age
< 6 months
63
sub-adult age
< 1 year
64
adult age
> 1 year
65
nestling bird
naked with few body feathers, no tail feathers if the nest can't be found or reached, make a surrogate nest and hang near the area in a place where it will be protected from sunlight and rain, watch for mom to return
66
fledgling/brancher bird
brancher = fledgling raptor has body feathers, 1 inch or longer tail feathers, will be hopping and chirping has left the nest but parents still give food, if picked up the parents may vocalize grounded fledgling takes 3-4 days to learn to fly so leave it alone
67
transporting an animal to a rehab
cover with a towel to pick up and put in a cardboard box or container with air holes, can use a pillowcase keep the environment quiet, keep kids and animals away check with rehab facility to see what species they take keep orphans warm
68
which producer makes a good milk replacer formulated for wildlife?
Fox Valley
69
criteria for release from a rehab
healed completely, ability to interact with own species appropriately, ability to recognize and find appropriate foods, ability to reproduce with own species, exhibits normal behaviors like fear of humans and predatory avoidance, waterproofing is intact

Zoological medicine (13 decks)

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